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doc: documentation to create a Libervia app, first draft
author Goffi <goffi@goffi.org>
date Fri, 31 May 2024 11:08:18 +0200
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1 ========
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2 Overview
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3 ========
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4
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5 To have a better understanding of Libervia, this page gives a global view of what it is
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6 and what are the important concepts linked to it. You don't need to read this to use it, but you
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7 can if you wish to understand "who is doing what".
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8
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9 Libervia is a XMPP client. `XMPP`_ is an open standard used for communication (notably
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10 instant messaging but not only). XMPP is a solid standard, which is decentralised and
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11 federated.
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12
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13 Libervia is not only focusing on instant messaging, and aims to be a universal communication
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14 tools. In other words, you can use Libervia to chat, but also to blog publicly or privately, to
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15 share file, photo albums, to create events, to have discussion forum, etc.
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16
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17 Libervia is actually a whole ecosystem, and is made in a way that you can use it with many
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18 different interfaces (or "frontends"). There is a common central part which is called the
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19 "backend", it handles most of the work, while frontends are mostly about the interactions
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20 with user(s).
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22 To work, as Libervia is a XMPP **client**, a XMPP **server** is needed. You can either run your
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23 own, or use an existing one (either public, or run by an organisation you belong to, like
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24 family server, run by a friend, your company, university, association, etc.). If you want
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25 to run your own server, there are already plenty of them and happily most of which are
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26 `libre <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software>`_, you can check an `up-to-date list
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27 on the XSF website <https://xmpp.org/software/servers.html>`_ (the XSF or *XMPP Standards
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28 Foundation* being the non-profit organisation taking care of the XMPP standard).
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29
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30 So to summarise, Libervia is a communication ecosystem. Technically, it is a **XMPP
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31 client** which connect to an **XMPP server**. Libervia itself works with a **backend** and
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32 one or many **frontends**.
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33
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34 .. _XMPP: https://xmpp.org
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35
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36
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37 Backend
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38 =======
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39
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40 The backend is a daemon, that means that it's a service running in the background.
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41 It takes its main configuration from a file named ``libervia.conf`` and can be in different
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42 locations (see below). It uses data in a directory called ``local_dir``, and which
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43 default, on suitable platforms, to the corresponding `XDG directory`_, which is most of
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44 time ``~/.local/share/libervia``. In this directory, you'll find the main database in the
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45 ``libervia.db`` file, which is a `SQLite`_ database.
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47 The backend is run and stopped with the ``libervia-backend`` executable. Running it
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48 without argument launch the backend in the background, with ``libervia-backend fg`` you
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49 run it in the foreground (you'll see log directly and can stop the backend with
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50 ``Ctrl + c``). The ``libervia-backend status`` commands help you discover if the backend
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51 is running or stopped.
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52
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53 .. _XDG directory: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs/
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54 .. _SQLite: https://sqlite.org
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55
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56 Frontends
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57 =========
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58
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59 Frontends are used to make the interface between user and the backend. Frontends are
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60 adapted to different use cases, and must be started after the backend (if the backend is
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61 not started, you'll see a message telling you so). In most installations, the backend
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62 should be started automatically when you want to use a frontend.
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63
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64 Bellow you'll see a list of the official frontends currently maintained:
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65
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66 Libervia Deskop/Mobile (Cagou)
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67 ------------------------------
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69 Libervia Desktop (alias ``Libervia Mobile`` or ``Cagou``) is the desktop/mobile frontend.
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70 It's probably the main interface for most users. It is based on the `Kivy`_ framework and
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71 should run on most platforms (for now it is officially tested only on GNU/Linux and
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72 Android phones and tablets).
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73
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74 .. _Kivy: https://kivy.org
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75
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76 Libervia Web
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77 ------------
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79 The Web frontend is the second main interface for most users. This frontend has the
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80 particularity to be in 2 parts: a server which serves HTTP content, and a client which
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81 runs in the browser. So you have Libervia Web server which connect to Libervia backend which itself
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82 connect to the XMPP server, and your browser will connect to Libervia Web server.
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84 ..
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85 # NOTE: currently not relevant as there is no Web APP anymore, may come back in the
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86 future though
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87 In the browser, you can access the server in two ways: either directly with what we call
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88 **Libervia pages**, or with a JavaScript code in `single-page application`_ which is the
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89 **Libervia client** (or **Libervia web app**) that we have mentioned above.
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90
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91 The **Libervia Web Pages** are web pages managing a single feature. They can work without
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92 JavaScript when it's possible (it's not the case for instant messaging or similar highly
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93 dynamic contents). They aims to be simple and straightforward to use. That what you're
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94 accessing when you're using Libervia Web.
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96 ..
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97 #Note: as above, not relevant anymore but may come back in the future
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98 The **Libervia Web Client** is a highly dynamic web application, used to access more features.
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99 It's more complete and may be well adapted if you want to let Libervia running in a browser tab
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100 for an extended period.
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101
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102 Libervia Web is also the central part of the **Web Framework**. Indeed, in addition of
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103 being a frontend to Libervia features (which is built with this framework), you can create
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104 totally different websites which are integrated in Libervia (and so XMPP) ecosystem. This
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105 framework uses Libervia template engine (based on `Jinja2`_) and makes the creation of
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106 decentralised and federated websites simple. Thanks to this framework, it's easy to
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107 experiment new ideas/features, or to change completely the look and feel of the Libervia
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108 frontend.
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109
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110 The `official Libervia website`_ is made with Libervia web framework.
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111
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112 .. _single-page application: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-page_application
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113 .. _Jinja2: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
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114 .. _official Libervia website: https://salut-a-toi.org
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115
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116 Libervia TUI (Primitivus)
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117 -------------------------
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118
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119 Libervia TUI (alias ``Primitivus``) is the Terminal User Interface. In other words, it
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120 works in console and is intended for people at ease with it. Its text only interface has
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121 several advantages: you get rid of many distracting things (like images), it works without
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122 graphical environment installed (which is often the case on servers) and it works on
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123 distant shell (like `ssh`_) while staying gentle with your bandwidth.
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124
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125 Primitivus is shipped with the backend, so it should be always available once Libervia is
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126 installed (but some distributions may provide it separately).
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127
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128 You can check :doc:`Libervia TUI documentation <libervia-tui/index>` for more details.
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129
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130 .. _ssh: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
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131
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132 Libervia CLI (jp)
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133 -----------------
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134
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135 Libervia CLI (alias ``li`` or ``jp``) is the Command Line Interface. It's a
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136 powerful tool which allows to do nearly everything you can do with other frontends.
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137 Particularly useful if you want to check something quickly, or if you want to do some
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138 automation.
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139
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140 You can check :doc:`Libervia CLI documentation <libervia-cli/index>` documentation for more details.
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141
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142 .. _glossary:
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143
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144 Glossary
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145 ========
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146
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147 While using Libervia you may see some terms or concept. This section explain the most important
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148 ones.
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149
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150 profile
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151 -------
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152
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153 A profile is the name linked to an account data. Usually a profile correspond to an XMPP
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154 account, but you can have several profiles using the same XMPP account (with different
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155 parameters) even if this is not usual.
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156
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157 On a Libervia installation used by a single user, the profiles are usually used for multiple
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158 accounts. On a multi-users installations, there is usually one profile per user.
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159
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160 When you connect to a Libervia frontend, you need to specify a profile and the associated password. The profile password is not the same as the password of the XMPP account. While this may sounds confusing, there are several reason why we use this notion of profile instead of directly the XMPP account/password:
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161
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162 - Libervia needs to know the plain XMPP password to connect, and it is encrypted in database.
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163 The profile password is used to encrypt/decrypt it, this way only a `password hash`_ is
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164 stored and the XMPP password is encrypted `at rest`_.
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165
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166 - As a further benefit, several passwords could be associated to the same profile (this
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167 feature is currently not used in Libervia).
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168
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169 - profile password can be empty, in which case no password is requested when a profile is
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170 used
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171
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172 .. note::
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173
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174 if you use an empty profile password, the XMPP password won't be encrypted in database
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175 (or more precisely, will be trivial to decrypt).
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176
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177 - a profile is a simple name associated with an account, it's easier to remember than a
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178 whole XMPP identifier (also named "JID" for *Jabber ID*)
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179
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180 You always have a *default* profile which is the profile used when you don't select any
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181 (notably used in jp). This is the first profile that you have created except if you have
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182 changed it using a frontend (you can change it with jp).
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183
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184 .. _password hash: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function
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185 .. _at rest: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_at_rest
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186
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187 profile key
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188 -----------
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189
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190 A profile **key** is a special name used as a way to select automatically one profile. The
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191 most important one is ``@DEFAULT@`` which, as you can guess, means the default profile.
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192
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193 bridge
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194 ------
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195
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196 The "bridge" is the name used to design Libervia's `IPC`_, or in other words the way
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197 the backend communicate with frontends. Several bridges can be used, the default one being
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198 `D-Bus`_.
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199
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200 The other available bridges are:
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201
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202 pb
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203 `Perspective Broker`_ is a part of `Twisted`_ (the framework used by the backend and some
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204 frontends)
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205
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206 embedded
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207 this embeds the backend into the frontend. The frontend is then using the backend as a
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208 library.
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209
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210 .. _IPC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication
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211 .. _D-Bus: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus/
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212 .. _Perspective Broker: https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/pb-intro.html
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213 .. _Twisted: https://twistedmatrix.com
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214
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215 Libervia Media
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216 --------------
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217
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218 Most of the frontends use images or other media. To avoid duplication and to make the code
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219 repositories lighter, those media are grouped in a separate repository. The Libervia media
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220 repository is available at https://repos.goffi.org/sat_media. You can also download media
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221 at https://ftp.goffi.org/sat_media/sat_media.tar.bz2. The path where Libervia media are
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222 installed must be specified in ``libervia.conf`` in ``media_dir`` option of the ``[DEFAULT``
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223 section.
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224
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225 Libervia Templates
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226 ------------------
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227
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228 Libervia embeds a `Jinja2`_ template engine (see `Libervia Web`_ above). "Libervia templates" refers to
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229 the default templates (i.e. the official templates, the ones used in default Libervia pages). Those template may also be used by other frontends than Libervia (jp can use them with the :ref:`libervia-cli_output` arguments).
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230
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231 Libervia templates repository is available at https://repos.goffi.org/sat_templates, they can
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232 also be downloaded at `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/sat-templates/>`_ and will be
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233 installed automatically if you install Libervia.
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234
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235 Related projects
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236 ================
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237
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238 Some project are closely related to Libervia, here is a list of official related
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239 project.
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240
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241 Libervia PubSub
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242 ---------------
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243
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244 Numerous features of Libervia are taking profit of `PubSub`_ functionalities of XMPP.
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245 Because PubSub implementations in the wild are not all on the same level, and some
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246 experimental features are sometimes explored, a PubSub service as been written
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247 specifically for the needs of Libervia (but it's not depending on Libervia and any XMPP software can
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248 use it).
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249
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250 Libervia PubSub aims to be a feature complete, server-independent PubSub implementation, and
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251 try to be up-to-date with latest XMPP PubSub extensions. It is the privileged service to
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252 use with Libervia because it supports everything needed (but Libervia can work with any XMPP PubSub
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253 service, it will adapt itself to available features).
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254
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255 Libervia PubSub can also be used as a `PEP`_ service, if some XMPP extensions are supported by
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256 your server (see below).
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257
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258 .. _PubSub: https://xmpp.org/about/technology-overview.html#pubsub
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259 .. _PEP: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0163.html
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260
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261 XMPP Extension Protocols
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262 ------------------------
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263
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264 For the needs of Libervia or Libervia PubSub, some `XMPP Extension Protocols`_ (or XEP) have been
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265 proposed and got an official number. The current list of extensions is:
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266
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267 `XEP-0355`_: Namespace Delegation
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268 This has been proposed for the needs of Libervia PubSub, and allows the XMPP server to
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269 "delegate" some features management to a third party service. It is needed to use Libervia
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270 Pubsub as a PEP service.
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271
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272 `XEP-0356`_: Privileged Entity
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273 In the same spirit as previous one, this has been done so Libervia PubSub could be used as a
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274 PEP service. This extensions allows a "component" (which is more or less a server
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275 generic plugin) to gain some privileged access to data such as presence information,
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276 roster or to send a message like if it was sent by the server.
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277
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278 `XEP-0413`_: Order-By
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279 This extension is used to specify the sorting order in which a client wishes to retrieve
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280 some results. It is notably used by Libervia and Libervia PubSub to retrieve items like blog posts
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281 or tickets in creation order or order of last modification.
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282
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283 .. _XEP-0355: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0355.html
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284 .. _XEP-0356: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0356.html
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285 .. _XEP-0413: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0413.html
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286
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287 .. _XMPP Extension Protocols: https://xmpp.org/about/standards-process.html
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288
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289 Prosody's `mod_delegation`_ and `mod_privilege`_
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290 -------------------------------------------------
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291
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292 Prosody modules have been created to implement the *Namespace Delegation* and *Privileged
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293 Entity* extensions mentioned above. If you use Prosody, you'll have to activate those 2
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294 modules to use Libervia PubSub as a PEP service.
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295
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296 .. _mod_privilege: https://modules.prosody.im/mod_privilege.html
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297 .. _mod_delegation: https://modules.prosody.im/mod_delegation.html
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298
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299 Libervia official website
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300 -------------------------
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301
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302 The official website is made with Libervia web framework. You'll find it at https://repos.goffi.org/sat_web_site
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303
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304 Salut
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305 -----
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306 Probably the smaller side project used by Libervia, it is a simple users directory (registration must be done explicitly by users) using `XEP-0055`_ (Jabber Search).
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307
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308 You'll find it at https://repos.goffi.org/salut/
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309
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310 .. _XEP-0055: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0055.html