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annotate doc/overview.rst @ 3022:03fe31effa7f

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doc: some corrections: - added missing `tls_private_key` value in configuration sample - added a label for `installation` - removed useless repetition of "Salut à Toi" in overview title - changed text for jp and primitivus documentations links - use a better may to indicate keyboard shortcuts in Primitivus
author Goffi <goffi@goffi.org>
date Wed, 24 Jul 2019 07:51:07 +0200
parents 8ec35cf13f66
children 72583524cfd3
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1 ========
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2 Overview
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3 ========
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4
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5 To have a better understanding of Salut a Toi, this page gives a global view of what it is
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6 and what are the important concepts linked to it. You don't need to read this to use it, but you
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7 can if you wish to understand "who is doing what".
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8
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9 Salut à Toi (or SàT) is a XMPP client. `XMPP`_ is an open standard used
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10 for communication (notably instant messaging but not only). XMPP is a solid standard,
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11 which is decentralised and federated.
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12
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13 SàT is not only focusing on instant messaging, and aims to be a universal communication
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14 tools. In other words, you can use SàT to chat, but also to blog publicly or privately, to
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15 share file, photo albums, to create events, to have discussion forum, etc.
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16
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17 SàT is actually a whole ecosystem, and is made in a way that you can use it with many
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18 different interfaces (or "frontends"). There is a common central part which is called the
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19 "backend", it handles most of the work, while frontends are mostly about the interactions
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20 with user(s).
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21
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22 To work, as SàT is a XMPP **client**, a XMPP **server** is needed. You can either run your
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23 own, or use an existing one (either public, or run by an organisation you belong to, like
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24 family server, run by a friend, your company, university, association, etc.). If you want
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25 to run your own server, there are already plenty of them and happily most of which are
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26 `libre <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software>`_, you can check an `up-to-date list
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27 on the XSF website <https://xmpp.org/software/servers.html>`_ (the XSF or *XMPP Standards
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28 Foundation* being the non-profit organisation taking care of the XMPP standard).
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29
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30 So to summarise, Salut à Toi, or SàT, is a communication ecosystem. Technically, it is a
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31 **XMPP client** which connect to an **XMPP server**. SàT itself works with a **backend**
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32 and one or many **frontends**.
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33
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34 .. _XMPP: https://xmpp.org
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35
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36
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37 Backend
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38 =======
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39
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40 The backend is a daemon, that means that it's a service running in the background.
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41 It takes its main configuration from a file named ``sat.conf`` and can be in different
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42 locations (see below). It uses data in a directory called ``local_dir``, and which
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43 default, on suitable platforms, to the corresponding `XDG directory`_, which is most of
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44 time ``~/.local/share/sat``. In this directory, you'll find the main database in the
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45 ``sat.db`` file, which is a `SQLite`_ database.
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46
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47 The backend is run and stopped with the ``sat`` binary. Running it without argument launch
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48 the backend in the background, with ``sat fg`` you run it in the foreground (you'll see
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49 log directly and can stop the backend with ``Ctrl + c``). The ``sat status`` commands help
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50 you discover if the backend is running or stopped.
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51
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52 .. _XDG directory: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs/
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53 .. _SQLite: https://sqlite.org
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54
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55 Frontends
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56 =========
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57
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58 Frontends are used to make the interface between user and the backend. Frontends are
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59 adapted to different use cases, and must be started after the backend (if the backend is
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60 not started, you'll see a message telling you so). In most installations, the backend
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61 should be started automatically when you want to use a frontend.
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62
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63 Bellow you'll see a list of the official frontends currently maintained:
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64
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65 Cagou
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66 -----
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67
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68 Cagou is the desktop/mobile frontend. It's probably the main interface for most users. It
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69 is based on the `Kivy`_ framework and should run of most platforms (for now it is
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70 officially tested only on GNU/Linux and Android phones and tablets).
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71
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72 .. _Kivy: https://kivy.org
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73
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74 Libervia
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75 --------
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76
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77 Libervia is the web frontend, and is the second main interface for most users. This
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78 frontend has the particularity to be in 2 parts: a server which serves HTTP content, and a
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79 client which runs in the browser. So you have Libervia server which connect to SàT backend
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80 which itself connect to the XMPP server, and your browser will connect to Libervia server.
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81
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82 In the browser, you can access the server in two ways: either directly with what we call
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83 **Libervia pages**, or with a JavaScript code in `single-page application`_ which is the
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84 **Libervia client** (or **Libervia web app**) that we have mentioned above.
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85
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86 The **Libervia pages** are web pages managing a single feature. They can work without
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87 JavaScript when it's possible (it's not the case for instant messaging or similar highly
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88 dynamic contents). They aims to be simple and straightforward to use.
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89
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90 The **Libervia client** is a highly dynamic web application, used to access more features.
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91 It's more complete and may be well adapted if you want to let SàT running in a browser tab
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92 for an extended period.
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93
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94 Please note that the current web application (SàT 0.7) will be completely rewritten for next 0.8 release.
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95
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96 Last but not least, Libervia is also the central part of the new **web framework** of
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97 Salut à Toi. Indeed, in addition of being a frontend to SàT features (which is built with
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98 this framework), you can create totally different websites which are integrated in SàT
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99 (and so XMPP) ecosystem. This framework uses SàT template engine (based on `Jinja2`_) and
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100 makes the creation of decentralised and federated websites simple. Thanks to this framework,
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101 it's easy to experiment new ideas/features, or to change completely the look and feel of
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102 the Libervia frontend.
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103
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104 The `official SàT website`_ is made with Libervia web framework.
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105
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106 .. _single-page application: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-page_application
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107 .. _Jinja2: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
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108 .. _official SàT website: https://salut-a-toi.org
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109
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110 Primitivus
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111 ----------
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112
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113 Primitivus is the Terminal User Interface (TUI). In other words, it works in console and
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114 is intended for people at ease with it. Its text only interface has several advantages:
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115 you get rid of many distracting things (like images), it works without graphical
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116 environment installed (which is often the case on servers) and it works on distant shell
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117 (like `ssh`_) while staying gentle with your bandwidth.
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118
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119 Primitivus is shipped with the backend, so it should be always available once SàT is
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120 installed (but some distributions may provide it separately).
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121
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122 You can check :doc:`Primitivus documentation <primitivus/index>` for more details.
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123
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124 .. _ssh: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
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125
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126 jp
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127 --
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128
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129 Jp is the Command Line Interface (CLI). It's a powerful tool which allows to do nearly
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130 everything you can do with other frontends. Particularly useful if you want to check
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131 something quickly, or if you want to do some automation.
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132
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133 You can check :doc:`jp documentation <jp/index>` documentation for more details.
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134
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135
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136 Glossary
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137 ========
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138
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139 While using SàT you may see some terms or concept. This section explain the most important
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140 ones.
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141
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142 profile
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143 -------
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144
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145 A profile is the name linked to an account data. Usually a profile correspond to an XMPP
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146 account, but you can have several profiles using the same XMPP account (with different
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147 parameters) even if this is not usual.
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148
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149 On a SàT installation used by a single user, the profiles are usually used for multiple
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150 accounts. On a multi-users installations, there is usually one profile per user.
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151
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152 When you connect to a SàT frontend, you need to specify a profile and the associated password. The profile password is not the same as the password of the XMPP account. While this may sounds confusing, there are several reason why we use this notion of profile instead of directly the XMPP account/password:
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153
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154 - SàT needs to know the plain XMPP password to connect, and it is encrypted in database.
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155 The profile password is used to encrypt/decrypt it, this way only a `password hash`_ is
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156 stored and the XMPP password is encrypted `at rest`_.
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157
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158 - As a further benefit, several passwords could be associated to the same profile (this
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159 feature is currently not used in SàT).
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160
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161 - profile password can be empty, in which case no password is requested when a profile is
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162 used
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163
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164 .. note::
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165
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166 if you use an empty profile password, the XMPP password won't be encrypted in database
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167 (or more precisely, will be trivial to decrypt).
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168
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169 - a profile is a simple name associated with an account, it's easier to remember than a
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170 whole XMPP identifier (also named "JID" for *Jabber ID*)
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171
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172 You always have a *default* profile which is the profile used when you don't select any
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173 (notably used in jp). This is the first profile that you have created except if you have
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174 changed it using a frontend (you can change it with jp).
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175
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176 .. _password hash: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function
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177 .. _at rest: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_at_rest
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178
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179 profile key
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180 -----------
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181
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182 A profile **key** is a special name used as a way to select automatically one profile. The
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183 most important one is ``@DEFAULT@`` which, as you can guess, means the default profile.
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184
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185 bridge
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186 ------
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187
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188 The "bridge" is the name used to design Salut à Toi's `IPC`_, or in other words the way
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189 the backend communicate with frontends. Several bridges can be used, the default one being
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190 `D-Bus`_.
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191
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192 The other available bridges are:
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193
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194 pb
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195 `Perspective Broker`_ is a part of `Twisted`_ (the framework used by the backend and some
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196 frontends)
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197
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198 embedded
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199 this embeds the backend into the frontend. The frontend is then using the backend as a
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200 library.
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201
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202 .. _IPC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication
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203 .. _D-Bus: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus/
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204 .. _Perspective Broker: https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/pb-intro.html
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205 .. _Twisted: https://twistedmatrix.com
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206
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207 SàT Media
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208 ---------
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209
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210 Most of the frontends use images or other media. To avoid duplication and to make the code
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211 repositories lighter, those media are grouped in a separate repository. The SàT media
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212 repository is available at https://repos.goffi.org/sat_media. You can also download media
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213 at https://ftp.goffi.org/sat_media/sat_media.tar.bz2. The path where SàT media are
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214 installed must be specified in ``sat.conf`` in ``media_dir`` option of the ``[DEFAULT``
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215 section.
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216
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217 SàT Templates
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218 -------------
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219
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220 SàT embeds a `Jinja2`_ template engine (see `Libervia`_ above). "SàT templates" refers to
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221 the default templates (i.e. the official templates, the ones used in default Libervia pages). Those template may also be used by other frontends than Libervia (jp can use them with the :ref:`jp-output` arguments).
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222
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223 SàT templates repository is available at https://repos.goffi.org/sat_templates, they can
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224 also be downloaded at `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/sat-templates/>`_ and will be
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225 installed automatically if you install Libervia.
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226
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227 Related projects
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228 ================
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229
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230 Some project are closely related to Salut à Toi, here is a list of official related
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231 project.
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232
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233 SàT PubSub
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234 ----------
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235
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236 Numerous features of Salut à Toi are taking profit of `PubSub`_ functionalities of XMPP.
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237 Because PubSub implementations in the wild are not all on the same level, and some
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238 experimental features are sometimes explored, a PubSub service as been written
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239 specifically for the needs of SàT (but it's not depending on SàT and any XMPP software can
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240 use it).
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241
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242 SàT PubSub aims to be a feature complete, server-independent PubSub implementation, and
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243 try to be up-to-date with latest XMPP PubSub extensions. It is the privileged service to
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244 use with SàT because it supports everything needed (but SàT can work with any XMPP PubSub
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245 service, it will adapt itself to available features).
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246
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247 SàT PubSub can also be used as a `PEP`_ service, if some XMPP extensions are supported by
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248 your server (see below).
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249
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250 .. _PubSub: https://xmpp.org/about/technology-overview.html#pubsub
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251 .. _PEP: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0163.html
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252
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253 XMPP Extension Protocols
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254 ------------------------
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255
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256 For the needs of SàT or SàT PubSub, some `XMPP Extension Protocols`_ (or XEP) have been
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257 proposed and got an official number. The current list of extensions is:
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258
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259 `XEP-0355`_: Namespace Delegation
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260 This has been proposed for the needs of SàT PubSub, and allows the XMPP server to
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261 "delegate" some features management to a third party service. It is needed to use SàT
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262 Pubsub as a PEP service.
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263
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264 `XEP-0356`_: Privileged Entity
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265 In the same spirit as previous one, this has been done so SàT PubSub could be used as a
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266 PEP service. This extensions allows a "component" (which is more or less a server
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267 generic plugin) to gain some privileged access to data such as presence information,
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268 roster or to send a message like if it was sent by the server.
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269
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270 `XEP-0413`_: Order-By
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271 This extension is used to specify the sorting order in which a client wishes to retrieve
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272 some results. It is notably used by SàT and SàT PubSub to retrieve items like blog posts
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273 or tickets in creation order or order of last modification.
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274
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275 .. _XEP-0355: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0355.html
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276 .. _XEP-0356: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0356.html
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277 .. _XEP-0413: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0413.html
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278
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279 .. _XMPP Extension Protocols: https://xmpp.org/about/standards-process.html
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280
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281 Prosody's `mod_delegation`_ and `mod_privilege`_
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282 -------------------------------------------------
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283
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284 Prosody modules have been created to implement the *Namespace Delegation* and *Privileged
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285 Entity* extensions mentioned above. If you use Prosody, you'll have to activate those 2
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286 modules to use SàT PubSub as a PEP service.
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287
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288 .. _mod_privilege: https://modules.prosody.im/mod_privilege.html
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289 .. _mod_delegation: https://modules.prosody.im/mod_delegation.html
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290
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291 SàT official website
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292 --------------------
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293
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294 The official website is made with Libervia web framework. You'll find it at https://repos.goffi.org/sat_web_site
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295
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296 Salut
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297 -----
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298 Probably the smaller side project used by SàT, it is a simple users directory (registration must be done explicitly by users) using `XEP-0055`_ (Jabber Search).
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299
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300 You'll find it at https://repos.goffi.org/salut/
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301
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302 .. _XEP-0055: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0055.html