Mercurial > libervia-backend
annotate doc/components.rst @ 4118:07370d2a9bde
plugin XEP-0167: keep media order when starting a call:
media content order is relevant when building Jingle contents/SDP notably for bundling.
This patch fixes the previous behaviour of always using the same order by keeping the
order of the data (i.e. order of original SDP offer). Previous behaviour could lead to
call failure.
rel 424
| author | Goffi <goffi@goffi.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Tue, 03 Oct 2023 15:15:24 +0200 |
| parents | d6837db456fd |
| children | 57ff857bf96e |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 3678 | 1 .. _components: |
| 2 | |
| 3 =================== | |
| 4 Libervia Components | |
| 5 =================== | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Libervia can act as an XMPP server component, which can be seen as a generic plugin for | |
| 8 XMPP servers. | |
| 9 | |
| 10 This page explains which components are available and how to use them. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 Running a component | |
| 13 =================== | |
| 14 | |
| 15 Components are linked to a Libervia profile in the same way as normal clients. | |
| 16 | |
| 17 To run a component, you'll need to know its *entry point*, which is the name of the import | |
| 18 name of plugin managing it. The entry point to use will be specified in the component | |
| 19 installation documentation. | |
| 20 | |
| 21 You'll also have to declare the component on your XMPP server, this is a server dependent | |
| 22 step and you'll have to check your server documentation for details. You'll have to | |
| 23 specify a **shared secret** (can also be named simply *password*) that must be set both on | |
| 24 the XMPP server and as the XMPP password of the Libervia profile. | |
| 25 | |
| 26 Here is a list of relevant documentation for most common servers: | |
| 27 | |
| 28 ejabberd | |
| 29 https://docs.ejabberd.im/admin/configuration/listen-options/ | |
| 30 | |
| 31 MongooseIm | |
| 32 https://esl.github.io/MongooseDocs/latest/configuration/listen/#xmpp-components-listenservice | |
| 33 | |
| 34 OpenFire | |
| 35 use the web-based admin panel | |
| 36 | |
| 37 Prosody | |
| 38 https://prosody.im/doc/components | |
| 39 | |
| 40 Tigase | |
| 41 https://docs.tigase.net/tigase-server/stable-snapshot/Administration_Guide/webhelp/externalComponentConfiguration.html | |
| 42 | |
| 43 | |
| 44 On Libervia, setup is done with Libervia CLI's :ref:`profile create <li_profile_create>` | |
| 45 command. | |
| 46 | |
| 47 You'll usually want to have the component to start automatically when the backend | |
| 48 is started, for this you must unset the profile password (not to be confused with the XMPP | |
| 49 password which is the one also set on the server configuration) with ``-p ""`` and set | |
| 50 auto-connection with ``-A``. | |
| 51 | |
| 52 You'll specify the XMPP password (also named *shared secret* in `XEP-0144`_ terminology) | |
| 53 with ``-x <your_shared_secret>`` and the JID to use with ``-j | |
| 54 <component_subdomain>.<server.tld>``. | |
| 55 | |
| 56 The component entry point is specified with ``-C <entry_point>``. | |
| 57 | |
| 58 .. _XEP-0144: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0114.html | |
| 59 | |
| 60 example | |
| 61 ------- | |
| 62 | |
| 63 Louise wants to run an ActivityPub gateway on her server ``example.org`` with the JID | |
| 64 ``ap.example.org``. The shared secret is ``xmpp_rocks`` and she wants the component to | |
| 65 start automatically with the backend, thus she doesn't set a profile password. The | |
| 66 entry-point for ActivityPub component is ``ap-gateway``, and she wants to use the same | |
| 67 name for the profile. To do this, she enters the following command:: | |
| 68 | |
| 69 $ li profile create ap-gateway -j ap.example.org -p "" -x xmpp_rocks -C ap-gateway -A | |
| 70 | |
| 71 The component will then be started next time Libervia Backend is launched. If Louise | |
| 72 wants to connect it immediately, she can use:: | |
| 73 | |
| 74 $ li profile connect -cp ap-gateway | |
| 75 | |
| 76 Available Components | |
| 77 ==================== | |
| 78 | |
| 79 Below is a list of currently available components in Libervia, and instructions on what | |
| 80 they do and how to use them. | |
| 81 | |
| 82 | |
| 83 File Sharing | |
| 84 ------------ | |
| 85 | |
| 86 **entry_point:** ``file-sharing`` | |
| 87 | |
| 88 File Sharing component manage the hosting of user files. Users can upload file there using | |
| 89 either `Jingle File Transfer`_ or `HTTP File Upload`_. | |
| 90 | |
| 91 There is no limit to the size of files which can be uploaded, but administrators can set a | |
| 92 quota to limit the space that can be used. | |
| 93 | |
| 94 Files can be retrieved using `File Information Sharing`_, and deleted using `Ad-Hoc Commands`_. | |
| 95 | |
| 96 Files can be shared with a public HTTP link, or made available only to a specified list of | |
| 97 entities (JIDs). Permissions can be set through Ad-Hoc Commands. | |
| 98 | |
| 99 .. _Jingle File Transfer: https://xmpp.org/extensions/ | |
| 100 .. _HTTP File Upload: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0363.html | |
| 101 .. _File Information Sharing: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0329.html | |
| 102 .. _Ad-Hoc Commands: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0050.html | |
| 103 | |
| 104 Configuration | |
| 105 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 106 | |
| 107 All options are to be set in ``[component file-sharing]`` section. | |
| 108 | |
| 109 ``http_upload_port`` | |
| 110 port to use for HTTP File Upload | |
| 111 | |
| 112 **default**: 8888 | |
| 113 | |
| 114 ``http_upload_connection_type`` | |
| 115 either ``http`` or ``https``. | |
| 116 | |
| 117 **default**: ``https`` | |
| 118 | |
| 119 Note that HTTP Upload should always be ``https`` to end-user, the ``http`` option is to | |
| 120 be used only if you use a HTTP server as a proxy, and this server is already set for | |
| 121 TLS. | |
| 122 | |
| 123 ``http_upload_public_facing_url`` | |
| 124 must be set to the URL that end-user will see. Notably useful if the component is behind | |
| 125 a proxy. | |
| 126 | |
| 127 **default**: ``https://<component host>:<http_upload_port`` | |
| 128 | |
| 129 ``quotas_json`` | |
| 130 a JSON object indicating quotas to use for users. The object can have 3 keys: | |
| 131 | |
| 132 ``admins`` | |
| 133 quotas to use for administrators (i.e. profiles set in ``admins_list``) | |
| 134 | |
| 135 ``users`` | |
| 136 quotas to use for normal users (i.e. non admin profiles) | |
| 137 | |
| 138 ``jids`` | |
| 139 per-jid specific quotas. The value is a JSON object where key is a user bare jid and | |
| 140 value is a quota. | |
| 141 | |
| 142 Quotas can be either ``null`` for unlimited space, or a size value (`SI prefixes and | |
| 143 binary prefixes`_ can be used). | |
| 144 | |
| 145 example:: | |
| 146 | |
| 147 quotas_json = { | |
| 148 "admins": null, | |
| 149 "users": "50 Mio", | |
| 150 "jids": {"pierre@example.org": "1 Gio"} | |
| 151 } | |
| 152 | |
| 153 .. _SI prefixes and binary prefixes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_(computing)#Unit_multiples | |
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154 |
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155 |
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156 ActivityPub Gateway |
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157 ------------------- |
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158 |
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159 **entry_point:** ``ap-gateway`` |
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160 |
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161 .. note:: |
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162 |
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163 this component is currently in active development, and not yet fully functional. This |
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164 documentation will be updated during evolution of component. |
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165 |
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166 You can follow the development by reading `Libervia Progress Notes`_. |
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167 |
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168 .. _Libervia Progress Notes: https://www.goffi.org/tag/Libervia%20progress |
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169 |
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170 This gateway will provide a bidirectional gateway between XMPP and `ActivityPub`_ (or AP |
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171 below). That means that user from XMPP will be able to follow actors or comments messages |
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172 from any software compatible with ActivityPub protocol, and vice versa. |
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173 |
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174 .. _ActivityPub: https://activitypub.rocks/ |
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175 |
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176 .. note:: |
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177 |
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178 this component is mostly tested with Prosody as XMPP server reference, and Mastodon as |
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179 AP server reference, but it should work with any XMPP or AP server. |
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180 |
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181 The component launches a HTTP server (necessary to communicate with AP software). This |
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182 server needs to handle HTTP requests made at paths ``/.well-known/webfinger`` and ``/_ap`` |
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183 (or the ``ap_path`` set in configuration, see below). If the component is not directly |
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184 facing internet (e.g. integrated in an existing website though a proxy), you'll have to |
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185 redirect the requests made to those path to the HTTP server (i.e. to component host at the |
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186 port set at ``http_port``, see configuration below). Please check your HTTP server |
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187 documentation to find how this must be done. |
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188 |
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189 |
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190 Configuration |
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191 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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192 |
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193 All options are to be set in ``[component ap-gateway]`` section. |
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194 |
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195 ``public_url`` |
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196 Main user-facing domain of the HTTP server, this will be used to construct all AP URLs |
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197 |
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198 **default**: if not set, ``xmpp_domain`` is used. If ``xmpp_domain`` is not set either, |
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199 an error is raised. |
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200 |
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201 ``http_port`` |
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202 port where the HTTP server should listen. Port ``80`` is not used directly as it would |
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203 require root privileges, and it is strongly recommended against launching Libervia under |
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204 a privileged account. An HTTP Proxy or a port redirection should be set to redirect the |
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205 ``80`` port to the port specified here. |
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206 |
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207 **default**: ``8123`` |
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208 |
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209 ``http_connection_type`` |
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210 either ``http`` or ``https``. If you have a HTTP proxy such as Apache or NGINX which |
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211 already handles HTTPS, you may want to use ``http``. |
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212 |
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213 **default**: ``https`` |
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214 |
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215 Note that the HTTP server should always use ``https`` with end-user, the ``http`` option |
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216 is only to be used with an HTTPS proxy. |
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217 |
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218 ``local_only`` |
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219 A boolean value indicating if the gateway is allowed to convert pubsub node from |
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220 external XMPP service or not. A JID is considered external if its domain part doesn't |
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221 end with the gateway's server. For instance, if a gateway ``ap.example.org`` is set on |
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222 the server ``example.org``, the JIDs ``pierre@example.org`` or |
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223 ``some-node@pubsub.example.org`` will be considered local, but |
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224 ``buenaventura@example.net`` won't (note the different domain). |
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225 |
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226 Most of time, ``local_only`` should be used. |
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227 |
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228 **default**: ``true`` |
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229 |
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230 ``ap_path`` |
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231 Path prefix to use for ActivityPub request. It's usually not necessary to change the |
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232 default value. |
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233 |
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234 **default**: ``_ap`` |
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235 |
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236 ``comments_max_depth`` |
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237 An integer value indicating the maximum number of comment nodes that can be created. See |
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238 :ref:`ap-xmpp-threads-conversion` |
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239 |
| 3838 | 240 ``auto_mentions`` |
| 241 A boolean value indicating if received XMPP pubsub blog items bodies must be scanned to | |
| 242 find ``@user@server.tld`` type mentions. If mentions are found, they'll be added to the | |
| 243 resulting AP items. | |
| 244 | |
| 245 **default**: ``true`` | |
| 246 | |
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247 ``html_redirect_dict`` |
| 3984 | 248 A dictionary used to redirect HTTP requests when it's not an ActivityPub request (i.e. |
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249 when the ``Accept`` header is not set to ``application/json``). Several ActivityPub |
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250 implementations link to original server when clicking on some links such as post author |
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251 or item ID, and this result in a request to the corresponding ActivityPub endpoint, but |
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252 made to retrieve HTML instead of ActivityPub JSON data. |
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253 |
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254 By default, this request is showing the corresponding AP JSON data, but if you set HTML |
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255 redirection, you can redirect the page to your XMPP client web frontend (or anything |
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256 making sense), which results in better user experience. |
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257 |
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258 The expected dictionary is a mapping URL request types to destination URL. |
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259 |
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260 The URL request types is the first path element after ``ap_path``, it can be: |
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261 |
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262 ``actor`` |
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263 Actor information. It should link to the profile page of the corresponding XMPP entity |
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264 |
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265 ``item`` |
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266 A specific publication. It should link to the rendered item |
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267 |
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268 ``followers`` |
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269 Entities publicly subscribed to the actor. It is usually not used for redirection. |
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270 |
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271 ``following`` |
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272 Entities that the actor is publicly subscribed to. It is usually not used for |
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273 redirection. |
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274 |
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275 In the target URL you can uses template values in curly braces (something like |
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276 ``{item}``). The values that you can use are: |
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277 |
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278 ``jid`` |
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279 Full JID corresponding to the AP actor. |
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280 |
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281 ``jid_user`` |
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282 Only the user part of the JID (what is before the ``@``) |
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283 |
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284 ``node`` |
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285 Name of the pubsub node corresponding to the AP actor. |
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286 |
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287 ``item`` |
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288 ID of the XMPP pubsub item. |
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289 |
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290 You can use a slash ``/`` followed by a part of a node name to filter only on specific |
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291 nodes. For instance, if you want to redirect microblog items to a different URL that |
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292 event items, you can use ``item/urn:xmpp:microblog:0`` and ``item/urn:xmpp:events:0``, |
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293 the first redirection to match will be used. Note that anything containing the filter |
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294 value will match, thus you can also use ``item/microblog`` (but it then would match an |
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295 event which has ``microblog`` in is node name). |
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296 |
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297 You can also use a dictionary as value instead of the target URL. This can be useful to |
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298 filter on an other value than the node name, if you want to make specific redirection |
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299 for a particular user for instance. If you use a dictionary, you must use a ``url`` key |
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300 with the target URL (which may have template values as usual), and you may use a |
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301 ``filters`` key mapping to an other dictionary where each key is a filter on a specific |
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302 template value (in other words: key is the template value, like ``jid`` or ``node``, and |
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303 value is the filter to match). |
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304 |
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305 *examples* |
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306 |
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307 Redirect actor page to ``/profile/<JID user part>``, blogs items to ``/blog/<full |
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308 JID>/<node name>/<item id>`` and events items to ``/event/<full JID>/<node name>/<item |
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309 id>`` :: |
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310 |
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311 html_redirect_dict = { |
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312 "actor": "/profile/{jid_user}", |
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313 "item/microblog": "/blog/{jid}/{node}/{item}", |
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314 "item/events": "/event/{jid}/{node}/{item}" |
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315 } |
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316 |
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317 Redirect items of user ``louise@example.org`` to ``/b/<item>``:: |
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318 |
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319 html_redirect_dict = { |
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320 "item": { |
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321 "url": "/b/{item}", |
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322 filters: { |
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323 "jid": "louise@example.org" |
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324 } |
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325 } |
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326 } |
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327 |
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328 |
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329 .. _ap-actor-from-xmpp: |
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330 |
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331 How to Address an AP Actor from XMPP |
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332 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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333 |
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334 When addressing an ActivityPub actor from XMPP, you must use a JID corresponding to the |
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335 actor. The domain part of the JID correspond to the gateway JID (the one set in gateway |
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336 profile), while the local part (before the ``@``) is used to specify the AP actor. |
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337 |
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338 `XEP-0106`_ (JID Escaping) is used to indicate the AP actor identifier, thus the ``@`` |
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339 must be escaped with ``\40``. |
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340 |
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341 .. _XEP-0106: JID Escaping |
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342 |
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343 **example** |
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344 |
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345 If Louise wants to talk to Pierre which is on the ``example.net`` AP server, she can use |
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346 her XMPP AP gateway which is at ``ap.example.org``. Pierre AP's actor handle is |
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347 ``pierre@example.net``, Louise can access it via the JID |
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348 ``pierre\40example.net@ap.example.org`` (we call it *virtual JID* of the AP actor). |
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349 |
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350 Of course, this is a bit cumbersome to do by hand, it is expected that XMPP clients will |
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351 do the (un)escaping automatically for end-user, in a way that Louise could enter |
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352 ``pierre@example.net`` directly, with an indicator to show that this is an ActivityPub |
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353 actor identifier rather than an XMPP JID. |
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354 |
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355 |
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356 .. _xmpp-node-from-ap: |
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357 |
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358 How to Address an XMPP Entity from AP |
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359 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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360 |
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361 To access an XMPP entity, it is a little bit more complicated for 2 reasons: |
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362 |
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363 - XMPP use a wider range of allowed characters than most AP implementations [#AP_chars]_. |
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364 - to get XMPP items, we need 2 data: the entity JID, and a pubsub node |
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365 |
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366 |
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367 However, Libervia AP gateway tries to make it as user friendly as possible, thus it works |
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368 like this: |
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369 |
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370 - in the most common case, one just wants to access the personal blog of a user, and basic |
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371 ASCII characters (with possibly ``-``, ``_`` or ``.``) are used. in this case, the XMPP |
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372 JID can be directly used as AP actor handle |
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373 - when a pubsub node needs to be specified it is most of time with a pubsub JID which has |
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374 not user part (something like ``pubsub.example.org``). In this case, the pubsub node can |
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375 be used as AP actor handle's user part, Libervia will use XMPP discovery to know that |
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376 it's a pubsub service. So if you want to access the blog named ``xmpp_news`` at |
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377 ``pubsub.example.org``, you can use the handle ``xmpp_news@pubsub.example.org`` (be sure |
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378 that the domain ``pubsub.example.org`` links to the Libervia AP gateway HTTP server) |
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379 - if you want to use a specific node with an entity which already has a user part, then a |
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380 special encoding must be used, where ``---`` (three dashes) are used to separate node |
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381 from entity: ``some_node--some_user@example.org`` |
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382 - if you need to use special characters, then you'll have to use ``___`` followed by the |
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383 special encoding (see below). |
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384 |
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385 The encoding is explained in the documentation of the following method: |
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386 |
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387 .. automethod:: libervia.backend.plugins.plugin_comp_ap_gateway.APGateway.get_jid_and_node |
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388 |
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389 |
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390 .. [#AP_chars] Most if not all AP implementations use webfinger `acct` URI as a de-facto |
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391 standard to manage user-friendly handles (something like ``user@example.org``). Those |
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392 handles, according to `RFC7565`_, should |
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393 manage a wide variety of characters thanks to the support of percent-encoding. |
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394 |
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395 Unfortunately, at least one of the most-used AP implementation (Mastodon, which is used |
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396 a reference implementation for this gateway), only uses a limited subset of allowed |
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397 characters. In addition, Mastodon needs an associated handle [#m_wf]_ thus an alternate |
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398 way to encode characters had to be found. |
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399 |
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400 An issue has been opened to improve this situation on Mastodon bug tracker: |
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401 https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/issues/17222 |
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402 |
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403 .. _RFC7565: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7565 |
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404 .. [#m_wf] https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/webfinger/ |
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405 |
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406 **example** |
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407 |
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408 If Pierre wants to talk to Louise, he can directly use the JID which is the same as the AP |
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409 actor identifier, i.e. ``louise@example.org`` (note that on AP software, a ``@`` prefix is |
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410 often required, thus Pierre will look for ``@louise@example.org``). |
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411 |
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412 .. note:: |
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413 |
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414 The actor endpoint can also be used directly in AP software (in the example above, it |
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415 would be by default ``https://example.org/_ap/actor/louise%40example.org``). |
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416 |
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417 .. _ap-ad-hoc: |
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418 |
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419 Ad-Hoc Commands |
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420 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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421 |
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422 The gateway supports `XEP-0050 (Ad-Hoc Commands)`_. For now, only the following node is |
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423 provided: |
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424 |
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425 ``https://libervia.org/ap_gateway/xmpp_jid_node_2_ap_actor`` |
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426 Convert XMPP JID and Node to corresponding virtual actor. Node is optional. |
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427 |
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428 .. _XEP-0050 (Ad-Hoc Commands): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0050.html |
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429 |
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430 Getting AP Message from XMPP |
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431 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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432 |
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433 To retrieve ActivityPub messages of an actor from an XMPP client with blogging |
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434 capabilities (like Libervia or Movim), just use the associated JID as explained in |
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435 :ref:`ap-actor-from-xmpp`. The actor messages (from ``outbox`` collection) should appear |
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436 as regular XMPP blog items. |
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437 |
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438 .. note:: |
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439 |
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440 Due to limitation of `ActivityStream Collection Paging`_, the conversion from XMPP |
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441 `RSM`_ requests is inneficient beyond first or last page. This problem is avoided if |
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442 anybody subscribe to the gateway node (i.e. follow the AP actor), as the collection |
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443 will then be cached, and efficiently delivered. |
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444 |
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445 .. _ActivityStream Collection Paging: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/#h-paging |
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446 .. _RSM: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0059.html |
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447 |
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448 Getting XMPP Items from ActivityPub |
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449 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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450 |
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451 To get XMPP items from an ActivityPub implementation, just use the handle as explained at |
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452 :ref:`xmpp-node-from-ap` (often handle searches are triggered with a ``@`` before the |
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453 handle in AP implementations, e.g.: ``@louise@example.org``). |
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454 |
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455 .. note:: |
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456 |
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457 Some AP implementations such as Mastodon don't retrieve existing items, but only keep |
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458 new ones once an actor is followed. That means that you won't see any message published |
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459 before your entity is followed. Other implementations may work differently. |
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460 |
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461 |
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462 .. _ap-xmpp-threads-conversion: |
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463 |
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464 ActivyPub to XMPP Discussion Threads Conversion |
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465 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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466 |
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467 By default, each (micro)blog publication converted from ActivityPub to XMPP Pubsub is |
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468 associated with a comment node (see `XEP-0277 comments`_) to allow user to post a reply on |
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469 any on them. This result in a "tree-like" comments threading model, which is similar to |
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470 what you can see on popular website such as Reddit, Hacker News, or LinuxFr. |
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471 |
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472 However, some XMPP clients may not play nicely with this kind of threading model. To work |
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473 around this, the ``comments_max_depth`` option allows to limit the maximum number of |
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474 thread. It is an integer value which indicate how many comments nodes may exist for a root |
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475 post. If set to ``1``, only one comment node will be made, and ActivityPub items below |
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476 this level will be moved to this single XMPP pubsub comment node. |
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477 |
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478 The default value of ``0`` means unlimited max depth. |
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479 |
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480 An example can probably make it more clear. Imagine that you have a message ``root |
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481 message``, with a comment to it named ``1``, a comment to ``1`` named ``2`` and so on |
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482 until ``5``. With ``comments_max_depth`` set to ``0``, you'll have one comment node per |
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483 item, resulting in following threads model:: |
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484 |
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485 root message ┑ |
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486 ┕ 1 ┑ |
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487 ┕ 2 ┑ |
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488 ┕ 3 ┑ |
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489 ┕ 4 ┑ |
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490 ┕ 5 |
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491 |
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492 With ``comments_max_depth`` set to ``2``, only 2 nodes will be created, and items below |
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493 depth ``2`` will be put on the same level:: |
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494 |
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495 root message ┑ |
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496 ┕ 1 ┑ |
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497 ┝ 2 |
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498 ┝ 3 |
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499 ┝ 4 |
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500 ┕ 5 |
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501 |
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502 This way, admins can configure the model which suits best the clients which is expected to |
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503 be mainly used on the instance. |
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504 |
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505 .. _XEP-0277 comments: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0277.html#comments |
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506 |
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507 Publishing an Item |
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508 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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509 |
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510 To publish a new item (e.g. a blog post), you just need to publish normally on your own |
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511 PEP/pubsub node, AP actors following you will be notified. To reply to an AP item, just |
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512 publish to the corresponding pubsub node managed by the gateway. This is transparent for |
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513 AP and XMPP end users. |
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514 |
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515 For instance, if Pierre has posted an interesting message on his AP server, and Louise |
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516 wants to reply to it, she just use a client to reply on the comments node of this message, |
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517 this will be delivered as an AP object to Pierre's AP server. |
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518 |
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519 On the other hand, if Louise is publishing a new blog post on her XMPP server, Pierre will |
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520 receive corresponding AP object because he's following her. If Pierre answer using his AP |
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521 client, the corresponding message will be published on the comments node of the message |
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522 that Louise has initially published. |
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523 |
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524 Following, Subscribing and Cache |
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525 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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526 |
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527 When you try to access an uncached AP collection from XMPP (e.g. blog posts), a best |
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528 effort is done to translate XMPP pagination (which uses `XEP-0059 (Result Set |
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529 Management)`_) to the less powerful `AP Collection Paging`_. This is inefficient due to |
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530 technical limitations (page size can't be specified in AP, there is not standard way to |
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531 request item after or before a specific ID, implementations may not implement reverse |
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532 pagination). |
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533 |
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534 That's one of the reason why whenever possible, collections are cached locally. Once |
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535 cached, it's easier to return items according to complex requests. |
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536 |
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537 However, to cache correctly an AP collection, you need to keep it in sync, and thus to |
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538 receive update when something change (e.g. a new blog item is published). |
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539 |
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540 In AP, this is done by following an actor, in XMPP this correspond to a node subscription. |
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541 |
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542 When you subscribe to a blog node managed by this gateway, this will be translated to a |
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543 *follow* activity on AP side, and vice versa. |
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544 |
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545 When an AP actor is followed, its *outbox* collection (i.e. message published), are |
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546 automatically cached, and will be updated when events will be received. That means that |
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547 you can use pubsub cache search on followed actors, e.g. to retrieve all items about a |
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548 specific topic or published at specific time range. |
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549 |
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550 Reciprocally, unsubscribing from a node will *unfollow* the corresponding AP actor. |
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551 |
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552 If an AP actor is following or unfollowing an actor mapping an XMPP entity, they nodes |
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553 will be subscribed to or unsubscribed from. |
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554 |
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555 All subscriptions are made public as specified by `XEP-0465 (Pubsub Public Subscriptions)`_. |
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556 |
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557 .. _XEP-0059 (Result Set Management): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0059.html |
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558 .. _AP Collection Paging: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/#h-paging |
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559 .. _XEP-0465 (Pubsub Public Subscriptions): https://xmpp.org/extensions/inbox/pubsub-public-subscriptions.html |
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560 |
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561 Following/Followers Collections and Public Pubsub Subscription |
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562 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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563 |
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564 The AP *following* collection is mapped to `XEP-0465 (Pubsub Public Subscriptions)`_. |
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565 |
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566 In the same spirit, the AP *followers* collection correspond to public subscribers to the |
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567 microblog node. |
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568 |
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569 Because AP doesn't send any event when *following* or *followers* collections are |
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570 modified, those collections can't be cached, and thus the translation to public pubsub |
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571 subscriptions is done as best as possible given the constraints. |
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572 |
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573 .. _ap-message_delivery: |
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574 |
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575 Messages Delivery |
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576 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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577 |
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578 The gateway can convert AP publications to either XMPP pubsub items (using `XEP-0277 |
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579 (Microblogging over XMPP)`_ when suitable) or to XMPP messages (`<message>` stanzas, i.e. |
| 3790 | 580 the ones used for instant messaging). Of course it also converts in a similar way in the |
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581 other direction (XMPP → ActivityPub). |
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582 |
| 3790 | 583 A received AP item will be converted to an XMPP pubsub item if any of the following |
| 584 conditions is fulfilled: | |
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585 |
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586 - it is addressed to the special `*public* collection`_ |
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587 - it is addressed to a local *followers* collection |
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588 |
| 3790 | 589 A received AP item will be converted to an XMPP message if all the following conditions |
| 590 are fulfilled: | |
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591 |
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592 - it is **not** addressed to the special *public* collection |
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593 - it is **not** addressed to a any local *followers* collection. |
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594 |
| 3790 | 595 In other words, if an AP item is addressed directly to one or more local users, is not |
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596 public and is not addressed to a *followers* collection, it will be converted to an XMPP |
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597 message, otherwise it will be converted to an XMPP pubsub item. |
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598 |
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599 The behaviour is symmetric, thus if you send an XMPP message it will be converted to an AP |
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600 item which will be only addressed to your recipient. If you write using XMPP pubsub, the |
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601 suitable followers collections of the target AP actor will be automatically added, and the |
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602 item will have the special *public* collection added. |
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603 |
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604 .. note:: |
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605 |
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606 ActivyPub doesn't do any kind of `end-to-end encryption`_, it is **not** the same level of |
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607 privacy as XMPP. |
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608 |
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609 Messages will be at minimum readable by the administrators of the AP gateway and of the |
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610 ActivyPub server of the destinee. Be sure to understand that before sending messages. |
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611 |
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612 If you need more privacy, you need to use either XMPP only (without the ActivityPub |
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613 gateway) with clients implementing correctly end-to-end encryption, or an other |
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614 software. Depending of the level of pricacy required, you may want to use |
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615 authentication by a separated channel, a client which has been audited, encryption by |
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616 default, etc. This is beyond the scope of this AP gateway documentation. |
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617 |
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618 In short, don't use ActivityPub if you need a high level of privacy. This is a current |
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619 protocol limitation, and there is nothing that this gateway can do about this until |
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620 ActivityPub and its implementations evolve. |
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621 |
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622 .. _XEP-0277 (Microblogging over XMPP): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0277.html |
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623 .. _*public* collection: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/#public-addressing |
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624 .. _end-to-end encryption: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption |
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625 |
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626 Message/Item Retraction |
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627 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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628 |
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629 If you retract a pubsub item (e.g. a blog post), that is followed by ActivityPub actors, |
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630 a suitable `Delete` activity will be emitted. In other words, the ActivityPub servers will |
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631 be notified of the retraction. |
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632 |
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633 Similarly if an AP actor is deleting an item, a suitable `XEP-0060 retraction event`_ will |
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634 be sent to subscribers. |
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635 |
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636 In the case of direct messages (see :ref:`ap-message_delivery`), `XEP-0424 (Message |
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637 Retraction)`_ is used in both reception (AP ``Delete`` activity is converted to XEP-0424 |
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638 and vice versa). |
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639 |
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640 All of this should be transparent to users as long as their clients support the mentioned |
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641 XEPs. |
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642 |
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643 .. note:: |
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644 |
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645 When retracting a message/item, a retraction request (or equivalent AP "Delete" |
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646 activity) is sent, so the other end clients **may** delete the item. |
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647 |
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648 However, there is no way to be sure that the item will be actually deleted: once |
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649 something is sent on the network, any recipient can see it, copy it, share it, etc. |
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650 There is no way to forbid that, and this is true for software, decentralized or not |
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651 (and not only ActivityPub or XMPP). |
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652 |
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653 Be sure to understand that before sending anything sensitive. |
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654 |
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655 .. note:: |
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656 |
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657 When deleting an item on ActivityPub, the item is often replaced by a "tombstone", and |
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658 it's not possible to send a new item with the same ID. Some software (it's at least the |
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659 case with Mastodon), will silently reject the item, and thus people won't see it. |
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660 |
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661 This is a different behaviour from XMPP where you can publish a pubsub item, retract |
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662 it, and publish a new item with the same ID. |
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663 |
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664 Thus if you retract an item, be sure to publish any new one with new and unique ID, |
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665 otherwise the item may not appear to ActivityPub users (and as the item may be rejected |
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666 silently, you may not be notified). |
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667 |
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668 However this should not be a problem in the vast majority of cases, as most XMPP client |
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669 implementing pubsub or pubsub service will generate automatically unique IDs for new |
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670 items. |
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671 |
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672 .. _XEP-0060 retraction event: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0060.html#publisher-delete |
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673 .. _XEP-0424 (Message Retraction): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0424.html |
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674 |
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675 Blocking an User |
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676 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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677 |
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678 You can block AP actors using :ref:`its virtual JID <ap-actor-from-xmpp>` in the same way |
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679 as for any XMPP entity, by using `XEP-0191 (Blocking Command)`_. |
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680 |
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681 This is done at the XMPP server level and your server must support it. From client side, |
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682 many clients support it, and you can use Libervia CLI to do it from command-line (see |
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683 :ref:`libervia-cli_blocking`). |
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684 |
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685 .. _XEP-0191 (Blocking Command): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0191.html |
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686 |
|
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687 Identity and Avatar |
|
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688 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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689 |
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690 The gateway does the conversion between XMPP identity and AP actor metadata. |
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691 |
| 3838 | 692 XMPP "identity" is actually a compilation of data coming from various locations and in |
|
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693 particular `XEP-0292 (vCard4 Over XMPP)`_. In those data, vCard's ``nickname`` (first |
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694 found) is used as AP ``name`` field, and vCard's ``note`` is used as AP's ``summary`` |
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695 (it's generally a self-description of users). |
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696 |
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697 For avatars, `XEP-0084 (User Avatar)`_ is used (and actor's ``icon`` field is used on AP |
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698 side). Avatars are downloaded the first time that they are requested, and kept in cache |
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699 for future requests. |
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700 |
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701 Even if XEP-0292 and XEP-0084 are the main XEPs used, Libervia checks various locations, |
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702 and other extensions like `XEP-0054 (vcard-temp)`_ may be used as fallback. |
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703 |
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704 .. _XEP-0292 (vCard4 Over XMPP): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0292.html |
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705 .. _XEP-0084 (User Avatar): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0084.html |
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706 .. _XEP-0054 (vcard-temp): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0054.html |
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707 |
| 3838 | 708 Mentions |
| 709 ~~~~~~~~ | |
| 710 | |
| 711 Mentions are converted by the gateway under some conditions explained below. | |
| 712 | |
| 713 When receiving an AP item which converts to a pubsub item (i.e. not a direct message), for | |
| 714 any local user mentioned (using a tag of type ``Mention``) or directly specified in a | |
| 715 target field (``to``, ``bto``, ``cc`` or ``bcc``), a `XEP-0372 (References)`_ type mention | |
| 716 will be emitted. | |
| 717 | |
| 718 This is not done for direct message as the recipients are already specified, and sending | |
| 719 reference is most probably not desired for a private message. | |
| 720 | |
| 721 In the direction XMPP 🠞 ActivityPub, it's more complicated because XMPP sends references | |
| 722 separately from the pubsub item, while ActivityPub links them in the same item. | |
| 723 | |
| 724 If a XEP-0372 reference targeting an AP actor is received and anchor a pubsub item, the | |
| 725 item will be looked after in cache. If found, it will be converted to an AP item, a | |
| 726 mention will be added, and the item will be delivered to the mentioned entity. | |
| 727 | |
| 728 This only works if the mentioned actor is on a server which has not already received the | |
| 729 original item, because otherwise the AP implementation will most probably ignore the new | |
| 730 item which has the same ID. | |
| 731 | |
| 732 It is hard to avoid sending first published item, then the same item with the reference, | |
| 733 because XEP-0372 references are received after the published items. | |
| 734 | |
| 735 To work around that, when an XMPP blog item is received, its body is scanned to find | |
| 736 ``@user@server.tld`` type mention, and if found a mention is automatically added to the | |
| 737 resulting AP item. | |
| 738 | |
| 739 It is not ideal to parse the body, but that's an acceptable trade-off to make mention | |
| 740 working. This behaviour is activated by default, but can be deactivated by setting | |
| 741 ``auto_mentions`` option to ``false``. Auto mentions are only used for pubsub items, and | |
| 742 not for direct messages for the same reason as mention are not checked in AP direct | |
| 743 messages (see above). | |
| 744 | |
| 745 .. note:: | |
| 746 | |
| 747 For auto mentions, it's the AP actor handle which must be used, not the corresponding | |
| 748 virtual JID. | |
| 749 | |
| 750 If you want to mention ``louise@example.org`` then you must use directly | |
| 751 ``@louise@example.org``, and NOT something like | |
| 752 ``@louise\40example.org@ap.example.net``. | |
| 753 | |
| 754 To mention XMPP entities, your client must use XEP-0372 references directly. | |
| 755 | |
| 756 .. _XEP-0372 (References): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0372.html | |
| 757 | |
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758 Repeat/Share/Reboost |
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759 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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760 |
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761 The repeat feature (also named "share", or "boost") which consist of republishing an item |
|
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762 of interest under our own account to make it visible to our subscribers, is done on the |
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763 XMPP side with `XEP-0277 § Repeating a Post`_, and on the AP side it's an ``Announce`` |
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764 activity. Conversion is done in both directions and should be transparent to user. |
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765 |
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766 .. _XEP-0277 § Repeating a Post: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0277.html#repeat |
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767 |
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768 Noticed/Like |
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769 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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770 |
|
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771 AP's ``Like`` activity is converted on the XMPP side to "`XEP-0470 (Pubsub |
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772 Attachments)`_". ``Like`` is converted to ``noticed`` attachment, meaning that it used in |
|
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773 to indicate that something has been seen and taken into account, without really indication |
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774 if the content is liked or disliked (see XEP-0470 § Foreword: `"noticed" instead of "like" |
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775 or "favourite"`_ for the rational). |
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776 |
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777 As usual, conversion is done in both ways. |
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778 |
|
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779 .. _XEP-0470 (Pubsub Attachments): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0470.html |
|
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780 .. _XMPP Council: https://xmpp.org/about/xmpp-standards-foundation/ |
|
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781 .. _"noticed" instead of "like" or "favourite": https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0470.html#noticed-foreword |
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782 |
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783 Reactions |
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784 ~~~~~~~~~ |
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785 |
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786 Reactions are not specified in `base ActivityPub specification`_. However `Pleroma`_, a |
|
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787 software implemeting ActivityPub, implements them using a non standardised (yet?) |
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788 ``EmojiReact`` activity. Liberva AP Gateway use it to handle reactions. |
|
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789 |
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790 On the XMPP side, `XEP-0470 (Pubsub Attachments)`_ is once again used. |
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791 |
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792 Libervia also implements `XEP-0444 (Message Reactions)`_ for messages, but because Pleroma |
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793 doesn't handle reactions for direct messages, this is not used in the Libervia AP gateway. |
|
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794 If in the future an AP implementation uses reactions on direct messages, it will be |
|
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795 straightforward to add it in the AP gateway. |
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796 |
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797 .. _base ActivityPub specification: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/ |
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798 .. _Pleroma: https://pleroma.social/ |
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799 .. _XEP-0444 (Message Reactions): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0444.html |
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800 |
|
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801 Events |
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802 ~~~~~~ |
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803 |
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804 This gateway manages events. On the XMPP side, the ``Events`` protoXEP is used, on AP side |
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805 ``Event`` objects are used. `Mobilizon`_ is used as reference implementation here. |
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806 |
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807 .. note:: |
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808 |
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809 The ``Events`` protoXEP has been proposed but not published or reviewed by XMPP council |
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810 yet. The current version is availale at https://github.com/xsf/xeps/pull/1206 and |
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811 hopefully it will eventually become an official experimental XEP. The code and this |
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812 documentation will be updated as the standard evolves. |
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813 |
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814 To retrieve AP events from XMPP, use the corresponding virtual JID as explained in |
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815 :ref:`ap-actor-from-xmpp` with the event node (which is ``urn:xmpp:events:0``). |
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816 |
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817 *example:* |
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818 |
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819 To retrieve events from AP actor with the handle ``somebody@mobilizon.example``, throught |
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820 the ``ap.example.org`` gateway, the ``somebody\40mobilizon.example@ap.example.org`` JID |
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821 can be used with the ``urn:xmpp:events:0`` node. |
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822 |
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823 |
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824 To retrieve XMPP events from AP, you need to the virtual actor corresponding to the JID |
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825 of the pubsub/PEP service with the event node (starting with ``urn:xmpp:events:0``), as |
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826 explained in :ref:`xmpp-node-from-ap`. You can use :ref:`ap-ad-hoc` to easily convert your |
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827 JID/node combination to a virtual AP actor. Note that the resulting virtual actor is |
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828 unaesthetic due to the presence of event node and the constraints explained in |
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829 :ref:`xmpp-node-from-ap`. |
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830 |
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831 To retrieve the link to the XMPP item from AP, you can use the ID from the generated AP |
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832 object. The ID can also be constructed by hand by using the URL |
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833 ``https://<ap_gateway_public_domain>/_ap/<virtual_actor>/<event_item_id>``. |
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834 |
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835 *example:* |
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836 |
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837 to retrieve from AP the XMPP event at pubsub service ``pubsub.example.net`` on node |
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838 ``urn:xmpp:events:0/party`` with item ID ``picnic_abd1``, and using the AP gateway with |
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839 public url ``https://ap.example.net``, the following link can be used:: |
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840 |
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841 https://ap.example.net/_ap/___urn.3Axmpp.3Aevents.3A0.2Fparty---pubsub.2eexample.2enet@ap.tazar3.int/picnic_abd1 |
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842 |
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843 If you paste it in an AP implementation featuring events (e.g. Mobilizon), the event |
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844 should appear and you should be able to comment it and participate to it. |
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845 |
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846 Event comments are supported, the node to use is indicated in the event XMPP item as |
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847 specified in the protoXEP, this should be transparent to end-user. |
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848 |
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849 Participation to an event is supported through the RSVP mechanism on XMPP and with |
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850 ``Join`` and ``Leave`` activities on AP. Note that XMPP allows more nuances with its RSVP |
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851 mechanism (it's possible to say if someone will "maybe" attend an event, and to request |
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852 any kind of extra informations) while AP only indicates if one will attend or not an |
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853 event. |
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854 |
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855 |
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856 .. _Mobilizon: https://joinmobilizon.org/ |
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857 |
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858 Using the Component (for developers) |
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859 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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860 |
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861 Publication of AP items can be tested using the following method (with can be accessed |
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862 through the ``ap_send`` bridge method, client is then replaced by the ``profile`` name, as |
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863 last argument): |
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864 |
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865 .. automethod:: libervia.backend.plugins.plugin_comp_ap_gateway.APGateway.publish_message |
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866 |
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867 The method can be used either with CLI's :ref:`debug bridge method |
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868 <li_debug_bridge_method>` or with any D-Bus tool like ``qdbus`` or ``d-feet`` (only if you |
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869 use the D-Bus bridge). |
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870 |
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871 example |
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872 ~~~~~~~ |
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873 |
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874 On its ``example.net`` Mastodon instance, Pierre has published a message with the id |
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875 ``https://example.net/@pierre/106986412193109832``. To send a reply to this message, |
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876 Louise can use the following command:: |
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877 |
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878 $ li debug bridge method -c ap_send '"{\"node\": \"https://example.net/@pierre/106986412193109832\", \"content\": \"A lille hello from XMPP\"}","pierre\\40example.net@ap.example.org", "louise"' |
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879 |
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880 Note the double escaping, one for the shell argument, and the other to specify JSON |
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881 object. |