Mercurial > libervia-backend
annotate doc/components.rst @ 4260:57ff857bf96e
doc (components/AP Gateway): document new `http_sign_get` configuration option.
| author | Goffi <goffi@goffi.org> |
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| date | Wed, 05 Jun 2024 22:34:43 +0200 |
| parents | d6837db456fd |
| children | 6276242736c3 |
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| 3678 | 1 .. _components: |
| 2 | |
| 3 =================== | |
| 4 Libervia Components | |
| 5 =================== | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Libervia can act as an XMPP server component, which can be seen as a generic plugin for | |
| 8 XMPP servers. | |
| 9 | |
| 10 This page explains which components are available and how to use them. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 Running a component | |
| 13 =================== | |
| 14 | |
| 15 Components are linked to a Libervia profile in the same way as normal clients. | |
| 16 | |
| 17 To run a component, you'll need to know its *entry point*, which is the name of the import | |
| 18 name of plugin managing it. The entry point to use will be specified in the component | |
| 19 installation documentation. | |
| 20 | |
| 21 You'll also have to declare the component on your XMPP server, this is a server dependent | |
| 22 step and you'll have to check your server documentation for details. You'll have to | |
| 23 specify a **shared secret** (can also be named simply *password*) that must be set both on | |
| 24 the XMPP server and as the XMPP password of the Libervia profile. | |
| 25 | |
| 26 Here is a list of relevant documentation for most common servers: | |
| 27 | |
| 28 ejabberd | |
| 29 https://docs.ejabberd.im/admin/configuration/listen-options/ | |
| 30 | |
| 31 MongooseIm | |
| 32 https://esl.github.io/MongooseDocs/latest/configuration/listen/#xmpp-components-listenservice | |
| 33 | |
| 34 OpenFire | |
| 35 use the web-based admin panel | |
| 36 | |
| 37 Prosody | |
| 38 https://prosody.im/doc/components | |
| 39 | |
| 40 Tigase | |
| 41 https://docs.tigase.net/tigase-server/stable-snapshot/Administration_Guide/webhelp/externalComponentConfiguration.html | |
| 42 | |
| 43 | |
| 44 On Libervia, setup is done with Libervia CLI's :ref:`profile create <li_profile_create>` | |
| 45 command. | |
| 46 | |
| 47 You'll usually want to have the component to start automatically when the backend | |
| 48 is started, for this you must unset the profile password (not to be confused with the XMPP | |
| 49 password which is the one also set on the server configuration) with ``-p ""`` and set | |
| 50 auto-connection with ``-A``. | |
| 51 | |
| 52 You'll specify the XMPP password (also named *shared secret* in `XEP-0144`_ terminology) | |
| 53 with ``-x <your_shared_secret>`` and the JID to use with ``-j | |
| 54 <component_subdomain>.<server.tld>``. | |
| 55 | |
| 56 The component entry point is specified with ``-C <entry_point>``. | |
| 57 | |
| 58 .. _XEP-0144: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0114.html | |
| 59 | |
| 60 example | |
| 61 ------- | |
| 62 | |
| 63 Louise wants to run an ActivityPub gateway on her server ``example.org`` with the JID | |
| 64 ``ap.example.org``. The shared secret is ``xmpp_rocks`` and she wants the component to | |
| 65 start automatically with the backend, thus she doesn't set a profile password. The | |
| 66 entry-point for ActivityPub component is ``ap-gateway``, and she wants to use the same | |
| 67 name for the profile. To do this, she enters the following command:: | |
| 68 | |
| 69 $ li profile create ap-gateway -j ap.example.org -p "" -x xmpp_rocks -C ap-gateway -A | |
| 70 | |
| 71 The component will then be started next time Libervia Backend is launched. If Louise | |
| 72 wants to connect it immediately, she can use:: | |
| 73 | |
| 74 $ li profile connect -cp ap-gateway | |
| 75 | |
| 76 Available Components | |
| 77 ==================== | |
| 78 | |
| 79 Below is a list of currently available components in Libervia, and instructions on what | |
| 80 they do and how to use them. | |
| 81 | |
| 82 | |
| 83 File Sharing | |
| 84 ------------ | |
| 85 | |
| 86 **entry_point:** ``file-sharing`` | |
| 87 | |
| 88 File Sharing component manage the hosting of user files. Users can upload file there using | |
| 89 either `Jingle File Transfer`_ or `HTTP File Upload`_. | |
| 90 | |
| 91 There is no limit to the size of files which can be uploaded, but administrators can set a | |
| 92 quota to limit the space that can be used. | |
| 93 | |
| 94 Files can be retrieved using `File Information Sharing`_, and deleted using `Ad-Hoc Commands`_. | |
| 95 | |
| 96 Files can be shared with a public HTTP link, or made available only to a specified list of | |
| 97 entities (JIDs). Permissions can be set through Ad-Hoc Commands. | |
| 98 | |
| 99 .. _Jingle File Transfer: https://xmpp.org/extensions/ | |
| 100 .. _HTTP File Upload: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0363.html | |
| 101 .. _File Information Sharing: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0329.html | |
| 102 .. _Ad-Hoc Commands: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0050.html | |
| 103 | |
| 104 Configuration | |
| 105 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 106 | |
| 107 All options are to be set in ``[component file-sharing]`` section. | |
| 108 | |
| 109 ``http_upload_port`` | |
| 110 port to use for HTTP File Upload | |
| 111 | |
| 112 **default**: 8888 | |
| 113 | |
| 114 ``http_upload_connection_type`` | |
| 115 either ``http`` or ``https``. | |
| 116 | |
| 117 **default**: ``https`` | |
| 118 | |
| 119 Note that HTTP Upload should always be ``https`` to end-user, the ``http`` option is to | |
| 120 be used only if you use a HTTP server as a proxy, and this server is already set for | |
| 121 TLS. | |
| 122 | |
| 123 ``http_upload_public_facing_url`` | |
| 124 must be set to the URL that end-user will see. Notably useful if the component is behind | |
| 125 a proxy. | |
| 126 | |
| 127 **default**: ``https://<component host>:<http_upload_port`` | |
| 128 | |
| 129 ``quotas_json`` | |
| 130 a JSON object indicating quotas to use for users. The object can have 3 keys: | |
| 131 | |
| 132 ``admins`` | |
| 133 quotas to use for administrators (i.e. profiles set in ``admins_list``) | |
| 134 | |
| 135 ``users`` | |
| 136 quotas to use for normal users (i.e. non admin profiles) | |
| 137 | |
| 138 ``jids`` | |
| 139 per-jid specific quotas. The value is a JSON object where key is a user bare jid and | |
| 140 value is a quota. | |
| 141 | |
| 142 Quotas can be either ``null`` for unlimited space, or a size value (`SI prefixes and | |
| 143 binary prefixes`_ can be used). | |
| 144 | |
| 145 example:: | |
| 146 | |
| 147 quotas_json = { | |
| 148 "admins": null, | |
| 149 "users": "50 Mio", | |
| 150 "jids": {"pierre@example.org": "1 Gio"} | |
| 151 } | |
| 152 | |
| 153 .. _SI prefixes and binary prefixes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_(computing)#Unit_multiples | |
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154 |
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155 |
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156 ActivityPub Gateway |
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157 ------------------- |
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158 |
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159 **entry_point:** ``ap-gateway`` |
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160 |
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161 .. note:: |
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162 |
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163 this component is currently in active development, and not yet fully functional. This |
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164 documentation will be updated during evolution of component. |
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165 |
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166 You can follow the development by reading `Libervia Progress Notes`_. |
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167 |
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168 .. _Libervia Progress Notes: https://www.goffi.org/tag/Libervia%20progress |
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169 |
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170 This gateway will provide a bidirectional gateway between XMPP and `ActivityPub`_ (or AP |
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171 below). That means that user from XMPP will be able to follow actors or comments messages |
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172 from any software compatible with ActivityPub protocol, and vice versa. |
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173 |
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174 .. _ActivityPub: https://activitypub.rocks/ |
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175 |
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176 .. note:: |
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177 |
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178 this component is mostly tested with Prosody as XMPP server reference, and Mastodon as |
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179 AP server reference, but it should work with any XMPP or AP server. |
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180 |
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181 The component launches a HTTP server (necessary to communicate with AP software). This |
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182 server needs to handle HTTP requests made at paths ``/.well-known/webfinger`` and ``/_ap`` |
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183 (or the ``ap_path`` set in configuration, see below). If the component is not directly |
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184 facing internet (e.g. integrated in an existing website though a proxy), you'll have to |
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185 redirect the requests made to those path to the HTTP server (i.e. to component host at the |
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186 port set at ``http_port``, see configuration below). Please check your HTTP server |
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187 documentation to find how this must be done. |
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188 |
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189 |
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190 Configuration |
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191 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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192 |
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193 All options are to be set in ``[component ap-gateway]`` section. |
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194 |
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195 ``public_url`` |
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196 Main user-facing domain of the HTTP server, this will be used to construct all AP URLs |
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197 |
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198 **default**: if not set, ``xmpp_domain`` is used. If ``xmpp_domain`` is not set either, |
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199 an error is raised. |
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200 |
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201 ``http_port`` |
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202 port where the HTTP server should listen. Port ``80`` is not used directly as it would |
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203 require root privileges, and it is strongly recommended against launching Libervia under |
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204 a privileged account. An HTTP Proxy or a port redirection should be set to redirect the |
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205 ``80`` port to the port specified here. |
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206 |
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207 **default**: ``8123`` |
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208 |
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209 ``http_connection_type`` |
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210 either ``http`` or ``https``. If you have a HTTP proxy such as Apache or NGINX which |
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211 already handles HTTPS, you may want to use ``http``. |
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212 |
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213 **default**: ``https`` |
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214 |
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215 Note that the HTTP server should always use ``https`` with end-user, the ``http`` option |
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216 is only to be used with an HTTPS proxy. |
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217 |
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218 ``local_only`` |
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219 A boolean value indicating if the gateway is allowed to convert pubsub node from |
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220 external XMPP service or not. A JID is considered external if its domain part doesn't |
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221 end with the gateway's server. For instance, if a gateway ``ap.example.org`` is set on |
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222 the server ``example.org``, the JIDs ``pierre@example.org`` or |
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223 ``some-node@pubsub.example.org`` will be considered local, but |
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224 ``buenaventura@example.net`` won't (note the different domain). |
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225 |
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226 Most of time, ``local_only`` should be used. |
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227 |
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228 **default**: ``true`` |
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229 |
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230 ``ap_path`` |
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231 Path prefix to use for ActivityPub request. It's usually not necessary to change the |
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232 default value. |
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233 |
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234 **default**: ``_ap`` |
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235 |
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236 ``comments_max_depth`` |
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237 An integer value indicating the maximum number of comment nodes that can be created. See |
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238 :ref:`ap-xmpp-threads-conversion` |
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239 |
| 3838 | 240 ``auto_mentions`` |
| 241 A boolean value indicating if received XMPP pubsub blog items bodies must be scanned to | |
| 242 find ``@user@server.tld`` type mentions. If mentions are found, they'll be added to the | |
| 243 resulting AP items. | |
| 244 | |
| 245 **default**: ``true`` | |
| 246 | |
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247 ``http_sign_get`` |
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248 A boolean value indicating if HTTP ``GET`` request made to AP implementations must be |
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249 signed. Some AP implementations require those requests to be signed, notably Mastodon |
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250 when "secure mode" is activated. |
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251 |
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252 **default**: ``true`` |
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253 |
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254 ``html_redirect_dict`` |
| 3984 | 255 A dictionary used to redirect HTTP requests when it's not an ActivityPub request (i.e. |
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256 when the ``Accept`` header is not set to ``application/json``). Several ActivityPub |
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257 implementations link to original server when clicking on some links such as post author |
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258 or item ID, and this result in a request to the corresponding ActivityPub endpoint, but |
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259 made to retrieve HTML instead of ActivityPub JSON data. |
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260 |
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261 By default, this request is showing the corresponding AP JSON data, but if you set HTML |
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262 redirection, you can redirect the page to your XMPP client web frontend (or anything |
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263 making sense), which results in better user experience. |
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264 |
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265 The expected dictionary is a mapping URL request types to destination URL. |
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266 |
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267 The URL request types is the first path element after ``ap_path``, it can be: |
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268 |
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269 ``actor`` |
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270 Actor information. It should link to the profile page of the corresponding XMPP entity |
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271 |
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272 ``item`` |
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273 A specific publication. It should link to the rendered item |
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274 |
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275 ``followers`` |
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276 Entities publicly subscribed to the actor. It is usually not used for redirection. |
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277 |
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278 ``following`` |
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279 Entities that the actor is publicly subscribed to. It is usually not used for |
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280 redirection. |
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281 |
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282 In the target URL you can uses template values in curly braces (something like |
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283 ``{item}``). The values that you can use are: |
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284 |
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285 ``jid`` |
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286 Full JID corresponding to the AP actor. |
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287 |
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288 ``jid_user`` |
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289 Only the user part of the JID (what is before the ``@``) |
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290 |
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291 ``node`` |
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292 Name of the pubsub node corresponding to the AP actor. |
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293 |
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294 ``item`` |
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295 ID of the XMPP pubsub item. |
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296 |
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297 You can use a slash ``/`` followed by a part of a node name to filter only on specific |
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298 nodes. For instance, if you want to redirect microblog items to a different URL that |
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299 event items, you can use ``item/urn:xmpp:microblog:0`` and ``item/urn:xmpp:events:0``, |
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300 the first redirection to match will be used. Note that anything containing the filter |
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301 value will match, thus you can also use ``item/microblog`` (but it then would match an |
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302 event which has ``microblog`` in is node name). |
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303 |
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304 You can also use a dictionary as value instead of the target URL. This can be useful to |
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305 filter on an other value than the node name, if you want to make specific redirection |
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306 for a particular user for instance. If you use a dictionary, you must use a ``url`` key |
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307 with the target URL (which may have template values as usual), and you may use a |
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308 ``filters`` key mapping to an other dictionary where each key is a filter on a specific |
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309 template value (in other words: key is the template value, like ``jid`` or ``node``, and |
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310 value is the filter to match). |
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311 |
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312 *examples* |
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313 |
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314 Redirect actor page to ``/profile/<JID user part>``, blogs items to ``/blog/<full |
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315 JID>/<node name>/<item id>`` and events items to ``/event/<full JID>/<node name>/<item |
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316 id>`` :: |
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317 |
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318 html_redirect_dict = { |
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319 "actor": "/profile/{jid_user}", |
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320 "item/microblog": "/blog/{jid}/{node}/{item}", |
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321 "item/events": "/event/{jid}/{node}/{item}" |
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322 } |
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323 |
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324 Redirect items of user ``louise@example.org`` to ``/b/<item>``:: |
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325 |
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326 html_redirect_dict = { |
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327 "item": { |
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328 "url": "/b/{item}", |
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329 filters: { |
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330 "jid": "louise@example.org" |
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331 } |
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332 } |
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333 } |
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334 |
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335 |
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336 .. _ap-actor-from-xmpp: |
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337 |
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338 How to Address an AP Actor from XMPP |
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339 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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340 |
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341 When addressing an ActivityPub actor from XMPP, you must use a JID corresponding to the |
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342 actor. The domain part of the JID correspond to the gateway JID (the one set in gateway |
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343 profile), while the local part (before the ``@``) is used to specify the AP actor. |
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344 |
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345 `XEP-0106`_ (JID Escaping) is used to indicate the AP actor identifier, thus the ``@`` |
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346 must be escaped with ``\40``. |
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347 |
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348 .. _XEP-0106: JID Escaping |
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349 |
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350 **example** |
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351 |
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352 If Louise wants to talk to Pierre which is on the ``example.net`` AP server, she can use |
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353 her XMPP AP gateway which is at ``ap.example.org``. Pierre AP's actor handle is |
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354 ``pierre@example.net``, Louise can access it via the JID |
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355 ``pierre\40example.net@ap.example.org`` (we call it *virtual JID* of the AP actor). |
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356 |
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357 Of course, this is a bit cumbersome to do by hand, it is expected that XMPP clients will |
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358 do the (un)escaping automatically for end-user, in a way that Louise could enter |
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359 ``pierre@example.net`` directly, with an indicator to show that this is an ActivityPub |
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360 actor identifier rather than an XMPP JID. |
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361 |
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362 |
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363 .. _xmpp-node-from-ap: |
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364 |
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365 How to Address an XMPP Entity from AP |
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366 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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367 |
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368 To access an XMPP entity, it is a little bit more complicated for 2 reasons: |
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369 |
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370 - XMPP use a wider range of allowed characters than most AP implementations [#AP_chars]_. |
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371 - to get XMPP items, we need 2 data: the entity JID, and a pubsub node |
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372 |
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373 |
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374 However, Libervia AP gateway tries to make it as user friendly as possible, thus it works |
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375 like this: |
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376 |
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377 - in the most common case, one just wants to access the personal blog of a user, and basic |
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378 ASCII characters (with possibly ``-``, ``_`` or ``.``) are used. in this case, the XMPP |
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379 JID can be directly used as AP actor handle |
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380 - when a pubsub node needs to be specified it is most of time with a pubsub JID which has |
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381 not user part (something like ``pubsub.example.org``). In this case, the pubsub node can |
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382 be used as AP actor handle's user part, Libervia will use XMPP discovery to know that |
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383 it's a pubsub service. So if you want to access the blog named ``xmpp_news`` at |
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384 ``pubsub.example.org``, you can use the handle ``xmpp_news@pubsub.example.org`` (be sure |
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385 that the domain ``pubsub.example.org`` links to the Libervia AP gateway HTTP server) |
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386 - if you want to use a specific node with an entity which already has a user part, then a |
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387 special encoding must be used, where ``---`` (three dashes) are used to separate node |
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388 from entity: ``some_node--some_user@example.org`` |
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389 - if you need to use special characters, then you'll have to use ``___`` followed by the |
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390 special encoding (see below). |
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391 |
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392 The encoding is explained in the documentation of the following method: |
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393 |
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394 .. automethod:: libervia.backend.plugins.plugin_comp_ap_gateway.APGateway.get_jid_and_node |
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395 |
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396 |
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397 .. [#AP_chars] Most if not all AP implementations use webfinger `acct` URI as a de-facto |
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398 standard to manage user-friendly handles (something like ``user@example.org``). Those |
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399 handles, according to `RFC7565`_, should |
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400 manage a wide variety of characters thanks to the support of percent-encoding. |
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401 |
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402 Unfortunately, at least one of the most-used AP implementation (Mastodon, which is used |
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403 a reference implementation for this gateway), only uses a limited subset of allowed |
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404 characters. In addition, Mastodon needs an associated handle [#m_wf]_ thus an alternate |
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405 way to encode characters had to be found. |
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406 |
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407 An issue has been opened to improve this situation on Mastodon bug tracker: |
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408 https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/issues/17222 |
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409 |
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410 .. _RFC7565: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7565 |
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411 .. [#m_wf] https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/webfinger/ |
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412 |
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413 **example** |
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414 |
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415 If Pierre wants to talk to Louise, he can directly use the JID which is the same as the AP |
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416 actor identifier, i.e. ``louise@example.org`` (note that on AP software, a ``@`` prefix is |
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417 often required, thus Pierre will look for ``@louise@example.org``). |
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418 |
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419 .. note:: |
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420 |
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421 The actor endpoint can also be used directly in AP software (in the example above, it |
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422 would be by default ``https://example.org/_ap/actor/louise%40example.org``). |
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423 |
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424 .. _ap-ad-hoc: |
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425 |
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426 Ad-Hoc Commands |
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427 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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428 |
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429 The gateway supports `XEP-0050 (Ad-Hoc Commands)`_. For now, only the following node is |
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430 provided: |
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431 |
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432 ``https://libervia.org/ap_gateway/xmpp_jid_node_2_ap_actor`` |
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433 Convert XMPP JID and Node to corresponding virtual actor. Node is optional. |
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434 |
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435 .. _XEP-0050 (Ad-Hoc Commands): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0050.html |
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436 |
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437 Getting AP Message from XMPP |
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438 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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439 |
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440 To retrieve ActivityPub messages of an actor from an XMPP client with blogging |
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441 capabilities (like Libervia or Movim), just use the associated JID as explained in |
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442 :ref:`ap-actor-from-xmpp`. The actor messages (from ``outbox`` collection) should appear |
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443 as regular XMPP blog items. |
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444 |
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445 .. note:: |
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446 |
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447 Due to limitation of `ActivityStream Collection Paging`_, the conversion from XMPP |
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448 `RSM`_ requests is inneficient beyond first or last page. This problem is avoided if |
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449 anybody subscribe to the gateway node (i.e. follow the AP actor), as the collection |
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450 will then be cached, and efficiently delivered. |
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451 |
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452 .. _ActivityStream Collection Paging: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/#h-paging |
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453 .. _RSM: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0059.html |
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454 |
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455 Getting XMPP Items from ActivityPub |
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456 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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457 |
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458 To get XMPP items from an ActivityPub implementation, just use the handle as explained at |
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459 :ref:`xmpp-node-from-ap` (often handle searches are triggered with a ``@`` before the |
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460 handle in AP implementations, e.g.: ``@louise@example.org``). |
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461 |
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462 .. note:: |
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463 |
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464 Some AP implementations such as Mastodon don't retrieve existing items, but only keep |
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465 new ones once an actor is followed. That means that you won't see any message published |
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466 before your entity is followed. Other implementations may work differently. |
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467 |
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468 |
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469 .. _ap-xmpp-threads-conversion: |
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470 |
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471 ActivyPub to XMPP Discussion Threads Conversion |
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472 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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473 |
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474 By default, each (micro)blog publication converted from ActivityPub to XMPP Pubsub is |
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475 associated with a comment node (see `XEP-0277 comments`_) to allow user to post a reply on |
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476 any on them. This result in a "tree-like" comments threading model, which is similar to |
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477 what you can see on popular website such as Reddit, Hacker News, or LinuxFr. |
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478 |
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479 However, some XMPP clients may not play nicely with this kind of threading model. To work |
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480 around this, the ``comments_max_depth`` option allows to limit the maximum number of |
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481 thread. It is an integer value which indicate how many comments nodes may exist for a root |
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482 post. If set to ``1``, only one comment node will be made, and ActivityPub items below |
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483 this level will be moved to this single XMPP pubsub comment node. |
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484 |
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485 The default value of ``0`` means unlimited max depth. |
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486 |
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487 An example can probably make it more clear. Imagine that you have a message ``root |
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488 message``, with a comment to it named ``1``, a comment to ``1`` named ``2`` and so on |
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489 until ``5``. With ``comments_max_depth`` set to ``0``, you'll have one comment node per |
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490 item, resulting in following threads model:: |
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491 |
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492 root message ┑ |
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493 ┕ 1 ┑ |
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494 ┕ 2 ┑ |
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495 ┕ 3 ┑ |
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496 ┕ 4 ┑ |
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497 ┕ 5 |
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498 |
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499 With ``comments_max_depth`` set to ``2``, only 2 nodes will be created, and items below |
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500 depth ``2`` will be put on the same level:: |
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501 |
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502 root message ┑ |
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503 ┕ 1 ┑ |
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504 ┝ 2 |
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505 ┝ 3 |
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506 ┝ 4 |
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507 ┕ 5 |
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508 |
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509 This way, admins can configure the model which suits best the clients which is expected to |
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510 be mainly used on the instance. |
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511 |
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512 .. _XEP-0277 comments: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0277.html#comments |
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513 |
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514 Publishing an Item |
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515 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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516 |
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517 To publish a new item (e.g. a blog post), you just need to publish normally on your own |
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518 PEP/pubsub node, AP actors following you will be notified. To reply to an AP item, just |
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519 publish to the corresponding pubsub node managed by the gateway. This is transparent for |
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520 AP and XMPP end users. |
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521 |
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522 For instance, if Pierre has posted an interesting message on his AP server, and Louise |
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523 wants to reply to it, she just use a client to reply on the comments node of this message, |
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524 this will be delivered as an AP object to Pierre's AP server. |
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525 |
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526 On the other hand, if Louise is publishing a new blog post on her XMPP server, Pierre will |
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527 receive corresponding AP object because he's following her. If Pierre answer using his AP |
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528 client, the corresponding message will be published on the comments node of the message |
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529 that Louise has initially published. |
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530 |
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531 Following, Subscribing and Cache |
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532 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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533 |
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534 When you try to access an uncached AP collection from XMPP (e.g. blog posts), a best |
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535 effort is done to translate XMPP pagination (which uses `XEP-0059 (Result Set |
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536 Management)`_) to the less powerful `AP Collection Paging`_. This is inefficient due to |
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537 technical limitations (page size can't be specified in AP, there is not standard way to |
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538 request item after or before a specific ID, implementations may not implement reverse |
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539 pagination). |
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540 |
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541 That's one of the reason why whenever possible, collections are cached locally. Once |
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542 cached, it's easier to return items according to complex requests. |
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543 |
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544 However, to cache correctly an AP collection, you need to keep it in sync, and thus to |
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545 receive update when something change (e.g. a new blog item is published). |
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546 |
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547 In AP, this is done by following an actor, in XMPP this correspond to a node subscription. |
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548 |
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549 When you subscribe to a blog node managed by this gateway, this will be translated to a |
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550 *follow* activity on AP side, and vice versa. |
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551 |
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552 When an AP actor is followed, its *outbox* collection (i.e. message published), are |
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553 automatically cached, and will be updated when events will be received. That means that |
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554 you can use pubsub cache search on followed actors, e.g. to retrieve all items about a |
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555 specific topic or published at specific time range. |
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556 |
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557 Reciprocally, unsubscribing from a node will *unfollow* the corresponding AP actor. |
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558 |
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559 If an AP actor is following or unfollowing an actor mapping an XMPP entity, they nodes |
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560 will be subscribed to or unsubscribed from. |
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561 |
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562 All subscriptions are made public as specified by `XEP-0465 (Pubsub Public Subscriptions)`_. |
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563 |
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564 .. _XEP-0059 (Result Set Management): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0059.html |
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565 .. _AP Collection Paging: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/#h-paging |
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566 .. _XEP-0465 (Pubsub Public Subscriptions): https://xmpp.org/extensions/inbox/pubsub-public-subscriptions.html |
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567 |
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568 Following/Followers Collections and Public Pubsub Subscription |
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569 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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570 |
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571 The AP *following* collection is mapped to `XEP-0465 (Pubsub Public Subscriptions)`_. |
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572 |
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573 In the same spirit, the AP *followers* collection correspond to public subscribers to the |
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574 microblog node. |
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575 |
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576 Because AP doesn't send any event when *following* or *followers* collections are |
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577 modified, those collections can't be cached, and thus the translation to public pubsub |
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578 subscriptions is done as best as possible given the constraints. |
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579 |
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580 .. _ap-message_delivery: |
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581 |
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582 Messages Delivery |
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583 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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584 |
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585 The gateway can convert AP publications to either XMPP pubsub items (using `XEP-0277 |
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586 (Microblogging over XMPP)`_ when suitable) or to XMPP messages (`<message>` stanzas, i.e. |
| 3790 | 587 the ones used for instant messaging). Of course it also converts in a similar way in the |
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588 other direction (XMPP → ActivityPub). |
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589 |
| 3790 | 590 A received AP item will be converted to an XMPP pubsub item if any of the following |
| 591 conditions is fulfilled: | |
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592 |
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593 - it is addressed to the special `*public* collection`_ |
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594 - it is addressed to a local *followers* collection |
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595 |
| 3790 | 596 A received AP item will be converted to an XMPP message if all the following conditions |
| 597 are fulfilled: | |
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598 |
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599 - it is **not** addressed to the special *public* collection |
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600 - it is **not** addressed to a any local *followers* collection. |
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601 |
| 3790 | 602 In other words, if an AP item is addressed directly to one or more local users, is not |
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603 public and is not addressed to a *followers* collection, it will be converted to an XMPP |
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604 message, otherwise it will be converted to an XMPP pubsub item. |
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605 |
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606 The behaviour is symmetric, thus if you send an XMPP message it will be converted to an AP |
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607 item which will be only addressed to your recipient. If you write using XMPP pubsub, the |
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608 suitable followers collections of the target AP actor will be automatically added, and the |
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609 item will have the special *public* collection added. |
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610 |
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611 .. note:: |
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612 |
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613 ActivyPub doesn't do any kind of `end-to-end encryption`_, it is **not** the same level of |
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614 privacy as XMPP. |
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615 |
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616 Messages will be at minimum readable by the administrators of the AP gateway and of the |
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617 ActivyPub server of the destinee. Be sure to understand that before sending messages. |
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618 |
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619 If you need more privacy, you need to use either XMPP only (without the ActivityPub |
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620 gateway) with clients implementing correctly end-to-end encryption, or an other |
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621 software. Depending of the level of pricacy required, you may want to use |
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622 authentication by a separated channel, a client which has been audited, encryption by |
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623 default, etc. This is beyond the scope of this AP gateway documentation. |
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624 |
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625 In short, don't use ActivityPub if you need a high level of privacy. This is a current |
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626 protocol limitation, and there is nothing that this gateway can do about this until |
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627 ActivityPub and its implementations evolve. |
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628 |
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629 .. _XEP-0277 (Microblogging over XMPP): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0277.html |
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630 .. _*public* collection: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/#public-addressing |
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631 .. _end-to-end encryption: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption |
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632 |
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633 Message/Item Retraction |
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634 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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635 |
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636 If you retract a pubsub item (e.g. a blog post), that is followed by ActivityPub actors, |
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637 a suitable `Delete` activity will be emitted. In other words, the ActivityPub servers will |
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638 be notified of the retraction. |
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639 |
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640 Similarly if an AP actor is deleting an item, a suitable `XEP-0060 retraction event`_ will |
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641 be sent to subscribers. |
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642 |
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643 In the case of direct messages (see :ref:`ap-message_delivery`), `XEP-0424 (Message |
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644 Retraction)`_ is used in both reception (AP ``Delete`` activity is converted to XEP-0424 |
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645 and vice versa). |
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646 |
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647 All of this should be transparent to users as long as their clients support the mentioned |
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648 XEPs. |
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649 |
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650 .. note:: |
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651 |
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652 When retracting a message/item, a retraction request (or equivalent AP "Delete" |
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653 activity) is sent, so the other end clients **may** delete the item. |
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654 |
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655 However, there is no way to be sure that the item will be actually deleted: once |
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656 something is sent on the network, any recipient can see it, copy it, share it, etc. |
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657 There is no way to forbid that, and this is true for software, decentralized or not |
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658 (and not only ActivityPub or XMPP). |
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659 |
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660 Be sure to understand that before sending anything sensitive. |
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661 |
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662 .. note:: |
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663 |
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664 When deleting an item on ActivityPub, the item is often replaced by a "tombstone", and |
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665 it's not possible to send a new item with the same ID. Some software (it's at least the |
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666 case with Mastodon), will silently reject the item, and thus people won't see it. |
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667 |
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668 This is a different behaviour from XMPP where you can publish a pubsub item, retract |
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669 it, and publish a new item with the same ID. |
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670 |
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671 Thus if you retract an item, be sure to publish any new one with new and unique ID, |
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672 otherwise the item may not appear to ActivityPub users (and as the item may be rejected |
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673 silently, you may not be notified). |
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674 |
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675 However this should not be a problem in the vast majority of cases, as most XMPP client |
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676 implementing pubsub or pubsub service will generate automatically unique IDs for new |
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677 items. |
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678 |
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679 .. _XEP-0060 retraction event: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0060.html#publisher-delete |
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680 .. _XEP-0424 (Message Retraction): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0424.html |
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681 |
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682 Blocking an User |
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683 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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684 |
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685 You can block AP actors using :ref:`its virtual JID <ap-actor-from-xmpp>` in the same way |
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686 as for any XMPP entity, by using `XEP-0191 (Blocking Command)`_. |
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687 |
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688 This is done at the XMPP server level and your server must support it. From client side, |
|
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689 many clients support it, and you can use Libervia CLI to do it from command-line (see |
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690 :ref:`libervia-cli_blocking`). |
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691 |
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692 .. _XEP-0191 (Blocking Command): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0191.html |
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693 |
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694 Identity and Avatar |
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695 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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696 |
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697 The gateway does the conversion between XMPP identity and AP actor metadata. |
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698 |
| 3838 | 699 XMPP "identity" is actually a compilation of data coming from various locations and in |
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700 particular `XEP-0292 (vCard4 Over XMPP)`_. In those data, vCard's ``nickname`` (first |
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701 found) is used as AP ``name`` field, and vCard's ``note`` is used as AP's ``summary`` |
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702 (it's generally a self-description of users). |
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703 |
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704 For avatars, `XEP-0084 (User Avatar)`_ is used (and actor's ``icon`` field is used on AP |
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705 side). Avatars are downloaded the first time that they are requested, and kept in cache |
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706 for future requests. |
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707 |
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708 Even if XEP-0292 and XEP-0084 are the main XEPs used, Libervia checks various locations, |
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709 and other extensions like `XEP-0054 (vcard-temp)`_ may be used as fallback. |
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710 |
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711 .. _XEP-0292 (vCard4 Over XMPP): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0292.html |
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712 .. _XEP-0084 (User Avatar): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0084.html |
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713 .. _XEP-0054 (vcard-temp): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0054.html |
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714 |
| 3838 | 715 Mentions |
| 716 ~~~~~~~~ | |
| 717 | |
| 718 Mentions are converted by the gateway under some conditions explained below. | |
| 719 | |
| 720 When receiving an AP item which converts to a pubsub item (i.e. not a direct message), for | |
| 721 any local user mentioned (using a tag of type ``Mention``) or directly specified in a | |
| 722 target field (``to``, ``bto``, ``cc`` or ``bcc``), a `XEP-0372 (References)`_ type mention | |
| 723 will be emitted. | |
| 724 | |
| 725 This is not done for direct message as the recipients are already specified, and sending | |
| 726 reference is most probably not desired for a private message. | |
| 727 | |
| 728 In the direction XMPP 🠞 ActivityPub, it's more complicated because XMPP sends references | |
| 729 separately from the pubsub item, while ActivityPub links them in the same item. | |
| 730 | |
| 731 If a XEP-0372 reference targeting an AP actor is received and anchor a pubsub item, the | |
| 732 item will be looked after in cache. If found, it will be converted to an AP item, a | |
| 733 mention will be added, and the item will be delivered to the mentioned entity. | |
| 734 | |
| 735 This only works if the mentioned actor is on a server which has not already received the | |
| 736 original item, because otherwise the AP implementation will most probably ignore the new | |
| 737 item which has the same ID. | |
| 738 | |
| 739 It is hard to avoid sending first published item, then the same item with the reference, | |
| 740 because XEP-0372 references are received after the published items. | |
| 741 | |
| 742 To work around that, when an XMPP blog item is received, its body is scanned to find | |
| 743 ``@user@server.tld`` type mention, and if found a mention is automatically added to the | |
| 744 resulting AP item. | |
| 745 | |
| 746 It is not ideal to parse the body, but that's an acceptable trade-off to make mention | |
| 747 working. This behaviour is activated by default, but can be deactivated by setting | |
| 748 ``auto_mentions`` option to ``false``. Auto mentions are only used for pubsub items, and | |
| 749 not for direct messages for the same reason as mention are not checked in AP direct | |
| 750 messages (see above). | |
| 751 | |
| 752 .. note:: | |
| 753 | |
| 754 For auto mentions, it's the AP actor handle which must be used, not the corresponding | |
| 755 virtual JID. | |
| 756 | |
| 757 If you want to mention ``louise@example.org`` then you must use directly | |
| 758 ``@louise@example.org``, and NOT something like | |
| 759 ``@louise\40example.org@ap.example.net``. | |
| 760 | |
| 761 To mention XMPP entities, your client must use XEP-0372 references directly. | |
| 762 | |
| 763 .. _XEP-0372 (References): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0372.html | |
| 764 | |
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765 Repeat/Share/Reboost |
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766 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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767 |
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768 The repeat feature (also named "share", or "boost") which consist of republishing an item |
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769 of interest under our own account to make it visible to our subscribers, is done on the |
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770 XMPP side with `XEP-0277 § Repeating a Post`_, and on the AP side it's an ``Announce`` |
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771 activity. Conversion is done in both directions and should be transparent to user. |
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772 |
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773 .. _XEP-0277 § Repeating a Post: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0277.html#repeat |
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774 |
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775 Noticed/Like |
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776 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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777 |
|
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778 AP's ``Like`` activity is converted on the XMPP side to "`XEP-0470 (Pubsub |
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779 Attachments)`_". ``Like`` is converted to ``noticed`` attachment, meaning that it used in |
|
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780 to indicate that something has been seen and taken into account, without really indication |
|
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781 if the content is liked or disliked (see XEP-0470 § Foreword: `"noticed" instead of "like" |
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782 or "favourite"`_ for the rational). |
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783 |
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784 As usual, conversion is done in both ways. |
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785 |
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786 .. _XEP-0470 (Pubsub Attachments): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0470.html |
|
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787 .. _XMPP Council: https://xmpp.org/about/xmpp-standards-foundation/ |
|
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788 .. _"noticed" instead of "like" or "favourite": https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0470.html#noticed-foreword |
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789 |
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790 Reactions |
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791 ~~~~~~~~~ |
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792 |
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793 Reactions are not specified in `base ActivityPub specification`_. However `Pleroma`_, a |
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794 software implemeting ActivityPub, implements them using a non standardised (yet?) |
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795 ``EmojiReact`` activity. Liberva AP Gateway use it to handle reactions. |
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796 |
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797 On the XMPP side, `XEP-0470 (Pubsub Attachments)`_ is once again used. |
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798 |
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799 Libervia also implements `XEP-0444 (Message Reactions)`_ for messages, but because Pleroma |
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800 doesn't handle reactions for direct messages, this is not used in the Libervia AP gateway. |
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801 If in the future an AP implementation uses reactions on direct messages, it will be |
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802 straightforward to add it in the AP gateway. |
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803 |
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804 .. _base ActivityPub specification: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/ |
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805 .. _Pleroma: https://pleroma.social/ |
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806 .. _XEP-0444 (Message Reactions): https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0444.html |
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807 |
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808 Events |
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809 ~~~~~~ |
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810 |
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811 This gateway manages events. On the XMPP side, the ``Events`` protoXEP is used, on AP side |
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812 ``Event`` objects are used. `Mobilizon`_ is used as reference implementation here. |
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813 |
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814 .. note:: |
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815 |
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816 The ``Events`` protoXEP has been proposed but not published or reviewed by XMPP council |
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817 yet. The current version is availale at https://github.com/xsf/xeps/pull/1206 and |
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818 hopefully it will eventually become an official experimental XEP. The code and this |
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819 documentation will be updated as the standard evolves. |
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820 |
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821 To retrieve AP events from XMPP, use the corresponding virtual JID as explained in |
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822 :ref:`ap-actor-from-xmpp` with the event node (which is ``urn:xmpp:events:0``). |
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823 |
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824 *example:* |
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825 |
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826 To retrieve events from AP actor with the handle ``somebody@mobilizon.example``, throught |
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827 the ``ap.example.org`` gateway, the ``somebody\40mobilizon.example@ap.example.org`` JID |
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828 can be used with the ``urn:xmpp:events:0`` node. |
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829 |
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830 |
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831 To retrieve XMPP events from AP, you need to the virtual actor corresponding to the JID |
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832 of the pubsub/PEP service with the event node (starting with ``urn:xmpp:events:0``), as |
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833 explained in :ref:`xmpp-node-from-ap`. You can use :ref:`ap-ad-hoc` to easily convert your |
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834 JID/node combination to a virtual AP actor. Note that the resulting virtual actor is |
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835 unaesthetic due to the presence of event node and the constraints explained in |
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836 :ref:`xmpp-node-from-ap`. |
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837 |
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838 To retrieve the link to the XMPP item from AP, you can use the ID from the generated AP |
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839 object. The ID can also be constructed by hand by using the URL |
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840 ``https://<ap_gateway_public_domain>/_ap/<virtual_actor>/<event_item_id>``. |
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841 |
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842 *example:* |
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843 |
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844 to retrieve from AP the XMPP event at pubsub service ``pubsub.example.net`` on node |
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845 ``urn:xmpp:events:0/party`` with item ID ``picnic_abd1``, and using the AP gateway with |
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846 public url ``https://ap.example.net``, the following link can be used:: |
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847 |
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848 https://ap.example.net/_ap/___urn.3Axmpp.3Aevents.3A0.2Fparty---pubsub.2eexample.2enet@ap.tazar3.int/picnic_abd1 |
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849 |
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850 If you paste it in an AP implementation featuring events (e.g. Mobilizon), the event |
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851 should appear and you should be able to comment it and participate to it. |
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852 |
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853 Event comments are supported, the node to use is indicated in the event XMPP item as |
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854 specified in the protoXEP, this should be transparent to end-user. |
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855 |
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856 Participation to an event is supported through the RSVP mechanism on XMPP and with |
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857 ``Join`` and ``Leave`` activities on AP. Note that XMPP allows more nuances with its RSVP |
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858 mechanism (it's possible to say if someone will "maybe" attend an event, and to request |
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859 any kind of extra informations) while AP only indicates if one will attend or not an |
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860 event. |
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861 |
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862 |
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863 .. _Mobilizon: https://joinmobilizon.org/ |
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864 |
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865 Using the Component (for developers) |
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866 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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867 |
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868 Publication of AP items can be tested using the following method (with can be accessed |
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869 through the ``ap_send`` bridge method, client is then replaced by the ``profile`` name, as |
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870 last argument): |
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871 |
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872 .. automethod:: libervia.backend.plugins.plugin_comp_ap_gateway.APGateway.publish_message |
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873 |
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874 The method can be used either with CLI's :ref:`debug bridge method |
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875 <li_debug_bridge_method>` or with any D-Bus tool like ``qdbus`` or ``d-feet`` (only if you |
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876 use the D-Bus bridge). |
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877 |
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878 example |
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879 ~~~~~~~ |
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880 |
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881 On its ``example.net`` Mastodon instance, Pierre has published a message with the id |
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882 ``https://example.net/@pierre/106986412193109832``. To send a reply to this message, |
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883 Louise can use the following command:: |
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884 |
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885 $ li debug bridge method -c ap_send '"{\"node\": \"https://example.net/@pierre/106986412193109832\", \"content\": \"A lille hello from XMPP\"}","pierre\\40example.net@ap.example.org", "louise"' |
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886 |
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887 Note the double escaping, one for the shell argument, and the other to specify JSON |
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888 object. |