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doc (installation): use `[all]` in extra arguments.
author Goffi <goffi@goffi.org>
date Wed, 05 Jun 2024 22:24:18 +0200
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1 ========
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2 Overview
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3 ========
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5 To have a better understanding of Libervia, this page gives a global view of what it is
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6 and what are the important concepts linked to it. You don't need to read this to use it, but you
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7 can if you wish to understand "who is doing what".
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8
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9 Libervia is a XMPP client. `XMPP`_ is an open standard used for communication (notably
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10 instant messaging but not only). XMPP is a solid standard, which is decentralised and
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11 federated.
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12
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13 Libervia is not only focusing on instant messaging, and aims to be a universal communication
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14 tools. In other words, you can use Libervia to chat, but also to blog publicly or privately, to
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15 share file, photo albums, to create events, to have discussion forum, etc.
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16
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17 Libervia is actually a whole ecosystem, and is made in a way that you can use it with many
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18 different interfaces (or "frontends"). There is a common central part which is called the
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19 "backend", it handles most of the work, while frontends are mostly about the interactions
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20 with user(s).
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22 To work, as Libervia is a XMPP **client**, a XMPP **server** is needed. You can either run your
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23 own, or use an existing one (either public, or run by an organisation you belong to, like
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24 family server, run by a friend, your company, university, association, etc.). If you want
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25 to run your own server, there are already plenty of them and happily most of which are
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26 `libre <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software>`_, you can check an `up-to-date list
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27 on the XSF website <https://xmpp.org/software/servers.html>`_ (the XSF or *XMPP Standards
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28 Foundation* being the non-profit organisation taking care of the XMPP standard).
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29
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30 So to summarise, Libervia is a communication ecosystem. Technically, it is a **XMPP
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31 client** which connect to an **XMPP server**. Libervia itself works with a **backend** and
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32 one or many **frontends**.
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33
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34 .. _XMPP: https://xmpp.org
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37 Backend
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38 =======
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39
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40 The backend is a daemon, that means that it's a service running in the background.
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41 It takes its main configuration from a file named ``libervia.conf`` and can be in different
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42 locations (see below). It uses data in a directory called ``local_dir``, and which
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43 default, on suitable platforms, to the corresponding `XDG directory`_, which is most of
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44 time ``~/.local/share/libervia``. In this directory, you'll find the main database in the
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45 ``libervia.db`` file, which is a `SQLite`_ database.
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47 The backend is run and stopped with the ``libervia-backend`` executable. Running it
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48 without argument launch the backend in the background, with ``libervia-backend fg`` you
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49 run it in the foreground (you'll see log directly and can stop the backend with
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50 ``Ctrl + c``). The ``libervia-backend status`` commands help you discover if the backend
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51 is running or stopped.
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52
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53 .. _XDG directory: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs/
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54 .. _SQLite: https://sqlite.org
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55
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56 Frontends
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57 =========
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58
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59 Frontends are used to make the interface between user and the backend. Frontends are
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60 adapted to different use cases, and must be started after the backend (if the backend is
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61 not started, you'll see a message telling you so). In most installations, the backend
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62 should be started automatically when you want to use a frontend.
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63
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64 Bellow you'll see a list of the official frontends currently maintained:
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65
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66 Libervia Deskop/Mobile (Cagou)
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67 ------------------------------
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68
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69 Libervia Desktop (alias ``Libervia Mobile`` or ``Cagou``) is the desktop/mobile frontend.
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70 It's probably the main interface for most users. It is based on the `Kivy`_ framework and
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71 should run on most platforms (for now it is officially tested only on GNU/Linux and
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72 Android phones and tablets).
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73
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74 .. _Kivy: https://kivy.org
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75
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76 Libervia Web
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77 ------------
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79 The Web frontend is the second main interface for most users. This frontend has the
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80 particularity to be in 2 parts: a server which serves HTTP content, and a client which
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81 runs in the browser. So you have Libervia Web server which connect to Libervia backend which itself
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82 connect to the XMPP server, and your browser will connect to Libervia Web server.
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83
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84 ..
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85 # NOTE: currently not relevant as there is no Web APP anymore, may come back in the
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86 future though
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87 In the browser, you can access the server in two ways: either directly with what we call
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88 **Libervia pages**, or with a JavaScript code in `single-page application`_ which is the
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89 **Libervia client** (or **Libervia web app**) that we have mentioned above.
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90
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91 The **Libervia Web Pages** are web pages managing a single feature. They can work without
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92 JavaScript when it's possible (it's not the case for instant messaging or similar highly
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93 dynamic contents). They aims to be simple and straightforward to use. That what you're
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94 accessing when you're using Libervia Web.
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96 ..
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97 #Note: as above, not relevant anymore but may come back in the future
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98 The **Libervia Web Client** is a highly dynamic web application, used to access more features.
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99 It's more complete and may be well adapted if you want to let Libervia running in a browser tab
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100 for an extended period.
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101
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102 Libervia Web is also the central part of the **Web Framework**. Indeed, in addition of
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103 being a frontend to Libervia features (which is built with this framework), you can create
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104 totally different websites which are integrated in Libervia (and so XMPP) ecosystem. This
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105 framework uses Libervia template engine (based on `Jinja2`_) and makes the creation of
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106 decentralised and federated websites simple. Thanks to this framework, it's easy to
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107 experiment new ideas/features, or to change completely the look and feel of the Libervia
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108 frontend.
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109
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110 The `official Libervia website`_ is made with Libervia web framework.
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111
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112 .. _single-page application: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-page_application
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113 .. _Jinja2: http://jinja.pocoo.org/
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114 .. _official Libervia website: https://salut-a-toi.org
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115
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116 Libervia TUI (Primitivus)
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117 -------------------------
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118
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119 Libervia TUI (alias ``Primitivus``) is the Terminal User Interface. In other words, it
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120 works in console and is intended for people at ease with it. Its text only interface has
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121 several advantages: you get rid of many distracting things (like images), it works without
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122 graphical environment installed (which is often the case on servers) and it works on
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123 distant shell (like `ssh`_) while staying gentle with your bandwidth.
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124
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125 Primitivus is shipped with the backend, so it should be always available once Libervia is
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126 installed (but some distributions may provide it separately).
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127
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128 You can check :doc:`Libervia TUI documentation <libervia-tui/index>` for more details.
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129
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130 .. _ssh: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
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131
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132 Libervia CLI (jp)
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133 -----------------
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134
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135 Libervia CLI (alias ``li`` or ``jp``) is the Command Line Interface. It's a
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136 powerful tool which allows to do nearly everything you can do with other frontends.
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137 Particularly useful if you want to check something quickly, or if you want to do some
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138 automation.
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139
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140 You can check :doc:`Libervia CLI documentation <libervia-cli/index>` documentation for more details.
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141
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142 .. _glossary:
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143
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144 Glossary
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145 ========
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146
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147 While using Libervia you may see some terms or concept. This section explain the most important
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148 ones.
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149
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150 profile
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151 -------
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152
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153 A profile is the name linked to an account data. Usually a profile correspond to an XMPP
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154 account, but you can have several profiles using the same XMPP account (with different
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155 parameters) even if this is not usual.
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156
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157 On a Libervia installation used by a single user, the profiles are usually used for multiple
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158 accounts. On a multi-users installations, there is usually one profile per user.
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159
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160 When you connect to a Libervia frontend, you need to specify a profile and the associated
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161 password. The profile password is not the same as the password of the XMPP account. While
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162 this may sounds confusing, there are several reason why we use this notion of profile
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163 instead of directly the XMPP account/password:
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164
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165 - Libervia needs to know the plain XMPP password to connect, and it is encrypted in database.
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166 The profile password is used to encrypt/decrypt it, this way only a `password hash`_ is
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167 stored and the XMPP password is encrypted `at rest`_.
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168
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169 - As a further benefit, several passwords could be associated to the same profile (this
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170 feature is currently not used in Libervia).
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171
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172 - profile password can be empty, in which case no password is requested when a profile is
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173 used
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174
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175 .. note::
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176
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177 if you use an empty profile password, the XMPP password won't be encrypted in database
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178 (or more precisely, will be trivial to decrypt).
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179
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180 - a profile is a simple name associated with an account, it's easier to remember than a
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181 whole XMPP identifier (also named "JID" for *Jabber ID*)
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182
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183 You always have a *default* profile which is the profile used when you don't select any
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184 (notably used in Libervia CLI). This is the first profile that you have created except if
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185 you have changed it using a frontend (you can change it with Libervia CLI).
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186
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187 .. _password hash: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function
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188 .. _at rest: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_at_rest
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189
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190 profile key
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191 -----------
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192
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193 A profile **key** is a special name used as a way to select automatically one profile. The
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194 most important one is ``@DEFAULT@`` which, as you can guess, means the default profile.
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195
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196 bridge
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197 ------
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198
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199 The "bridge" is the name used to design Libervia's `IPC`_, or in other words the way
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200 the backend communicate with frontends. Several bridges can be used, the default one being
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201 `D-Bus`_.
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202
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203 The other available bridges are:
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204
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205 pb
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206 `Perspective Broker`_ is a part of `Twisted`_ (the framework used by the backend and some
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207 frontends)
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208
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209 embedded
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210 this embeds the backend into the frontend. The frontend is then using the backend as a
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211 library.
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212
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213 .. _IPC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication
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214 .. _D-Bus: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus/
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215 .. _Perspective Broker: https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/pb-intro.html
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216 .. _Twisted: https://twistedmatrix.com
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217
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218 Libervia Media
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219 --------------
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220
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221 Most of the frontends use images or other media. To avoid duplication and to make the code
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222 repositories lighter, those media are grouped in a separate repository. The Libervia media
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223 repository is available at https://repos.goffi.org/sat_media. You can also download media
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224 at https://ftp.goffi.org/sat_media/sat_media.tar.bz2. The path where Libervia media are
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225 installed must be specified in ``libervia.conf`` in ``media_dir`` option of the ``[DEFAULT]``
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226 section.
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227
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228 Libervia Templates
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229 ------------------
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230
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231 Libervia embeds a `Jinja2`_ template engine (see `Libervia Web`_ above). "Libervia
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232 templates" refers to the default templates (i.e. the official templates, the ones used in
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233 default Libervia pages). Those template may also be used by other frontends than Libervia
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234 (Libervia CLI can use them with the :ref:`libervia-cli_output` arguments).
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235
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236 Libervia templates repository is available at https://repos.goffi.org/libervia-templates, they can
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237 also be downloaded at `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/libervia-templates/>`_ and will be
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238 installed automatically if you install Libervia.
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239
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240 Related projects
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241 ================
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242
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243 Some project are closely related to Libervia, here is a list of official related
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244 project.
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245
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246 Libervia PubSub
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247 ---------------
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248
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249 Numerous features of Libervia are taking profit of `PubSub`_ functionalities of XMPP.
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250 Because PubSub implementations in the wild are not all on the same level, and some
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251 experimental features are sometimes explored, a PubSub service as been written
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252 specifically for the needs of Libervia (but it's not depending on Libervia and any XMPP
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253 software can use it).
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254
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255 Libervia PubSub aims to be a feature complete, server-independent PubSub implementation, and
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256 try to be up-to-date with latest XMPP PubSub extensions. It is the privileged service to
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257 use with Libervia because it supports everything needed (but Libervia can work with any XMPP PubSub
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258 service, it will adapt itself to available features).
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259
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260 Libervia PubSub can also be used as a `PEP`_ service, if some XMPP extensions are supported by
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261 your server (see below).
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262
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263 .. _PubSub: https://xmpp.org/about/technology-overview.html#pubsub
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264 .. _PEP: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0163.html
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265
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266 XMPP Extension Protocols
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267 ------------------------
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268
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269 For the needs of Libervia or Libervia PubSub, some `XMPP Extension Protocols`_ (or XEP) have been
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270 proposed and got an official number. The current list of extensions is:
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271
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272 `XEP-0355`_: Namespace Delegation
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273 This has been proposed for the needs of Libervia PubSub, and allows the XMPP server to
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274 "delegate" some features management to a third party service. It is needed to use Libervia
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275 Pubsub as a PEP service.
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276
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277 `XEP-0356`_: Privileged Entity
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278 In the same spirit as previous one, this has been done so Libervia PubSub could be used as a
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279 PEP service. This extensions allows a "component" (which is more or less a server
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280 generic plugin) to gain some privileged access to data such as presence information,
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281 roster or to send a message like if it was sent by the server.
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282
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283 `XEP-0413`_: Order-By
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284 This extension is used to specify the sorting order in which a client wishes to retrieve
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285 some results. It is notably used by Libervia and Libervia PubSub to retrieve items like blog posts
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286 or tickets in creation order or order of last modification.
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287
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288 .. _XEP-0355: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0355.html
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289 .. _XEP-0356: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0356.html
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290 .. _XEP-0413: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0413.html
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291
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292 .. _XMPP Extension Protocols: https://xmpp.org/about/standards-process.html
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293
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294 Prosody's `mod_delegation`_ and `mod_privilege`_
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295 -------------------------------------------------
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296
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297 Prosody modules have been created to implement the *Namespace Delegation* and *Privileged
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298 Entity* extensions mentioned above. If you use Prosody, you'll have to activate those 2
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299 modules to use Libervia PubSub as a PEP service.
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300
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301 .. _mod_privilege: https://modules.prosody.im/mod_privilege.html
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302 .. _mod_delegation: https://modules.prosody.im/mod_delegation.html
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303
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304 Libervia official website
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305 -------------------------
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306
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307 The official website is made with Libervia web framework. You'll find it at https://repos.goffi.org/libervia-website
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308
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309 Salut
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310 -----
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311 Probably the smaller side project used by Libervia, it is a simple users directory (registration must be done explicitly by users) using `XEP-0055`_ (Jabber Search).
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312
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313 You'll find it at https://repos.goffi.org/salut/
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314
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315 .. _XEP-0055: https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0055.html