Mercurial > libervia-backend
view sat/plugins/plugin_comp_file_sharing.py @ 3383:dea30b1eb166
doc, core: typos
author | Goffi <goffi@goffi.org> |
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date | Thu, 12 Nov 2020 14:53:11 +0100 |
parents | 90aee1f2d07c |
children | be6d91572633 |
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#!/usr/bin/env python3 # SAT plugin for parrot mode (experimental) # Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Jérôme Poisson (goffi@goffi.org) # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU Affero General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. import os import os.path import mimetypes import tempfile from functools import partial import shortuuid import unicodedata from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse, quote, unquote from pathlib import Path from sat.core.i18n import _ from sat.core.constants import Const as C from sat.core import exceptions from sat.core.log import getLogger from sat.tools import stream from sat.tools import video from sat.tools.common import regex from sat.tools.common import uri from sat.tools.common import files_utils from sat.tools.common import tls from twisted.internet import defer, reactor from twisted.words.protocols.jabber import error from twisted.web import server, resource, static, http from wokkel import pubsub from wokkel import generic log = getLogger(__name__) PLUGIN_INFO = { C.PI_NAME: "File sharing component", C.PI_IMPORT_NAME: "file_sharing", C.PI_MODES: [C.PLUG_MODE_COMPONENT], C.PI_TYPE: C.PLUG_TYPE_ENTRY_POINT, C.PI_PROTOCOLS: [], C.PI_DEPENDENCIES: [ "FILE", "FILE_SHARING_MANAGEMENT", "XEP-0106", "XEP-0234", "XEP-0260", "XEP-0261", "XEP-0264", "XEP-0329", "XEP-0363", ], C.PI_RECOMMENDATIONS: [], C.PI_MAIN: "FileSharing", C.PI_HANDLER: C.BOOL_TRUE, C.PI_DESCRIPTION: _("""Component hosting and sharing files"""), } HASH_ALGO = "sha-256" NS_COMMENTS = "org.salut-a-toi.comments" NS_FS_AFFILIATION = "org.salut-a-toi.file-sharing-affiliation" COMMENT_NODE_PREFIX = "org.salut-a-toi.file_comments/" # Directory used to buffer request body (i.e. file in case of PUT) we use more than one @ # there, to be sure than it's not conflicting with a JID TMP_BUFFER_DIR = "@@tmp@@" server.version = unicodedata.normalize( 'NFKD', f"{C.APP_NAME} file sharing {C.APP_VERSION}" ).encode('ascii','ignore') class HTTPFileServer(resource.Resource): isLeaf = True def errorPage(self, request, code): request.setResponseCode(code) if code == http.BAD_REQUEST: brief = 'Bad Request' details = "Your request is invalid" elif code == http.FORBIDDEN: brief = 'Forbidden' details = "You're not allowed to use this resource" elif code == http.NOT_FOUND: brief = 'Not Found' details = "No resource found at this URL" else: brief = 'Error' details = "This resource can't be used" log.error(f"Unexpected return code used: {code}") log.warning( f'Error returned while trying to access url {request.uri.decode()}: ' f'"{brief}" ({code}): {details}' ) return resource.ErrorPage(code, brief, details).render(request) def getDispositionType(self, media_type, media_subtype): if media_type in ('image', 'video'): return 'inline' elif media_type == 'application' and media_subtype == 'pdf': return 'inline' else: return 'attachment' def render(self, request): request.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*") request.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "OPTIONS, HEAD, GET, PUT") request.setHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Range, Xmpp-File-Path, Xmpp-File-No-Http") request.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true") request.setHeader("Accept-Ranges", "bytes") request.setHeader( "Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "Date, Content-Length, Content-Range") return super().render(request) def render_OPTIONS(self, request): request.setResponseCode(http.OK) return b"" def render_GET(self, request): try: request.upload_data except exceptions.DataError: return self.errorPage(request, http.NOT_FOUND) defer.ensureDeferred(self.renderGet(request)) return server.NOT_DONE_YET async def renderGet(self, request): try: upload_id, filename = request.upload_data except exceptions.DataError: request.write(self.errorPage(request, http.FORBIDDEN)) request.finish() return found_files = await request.file_sharing.host.memory.getFiles( client=None, peer_jid=None, perms_to_check=None, public_id=upload_id) if not found_files: request.write(self.errorPage(request, http.NOT_FOUND)) request.finish() return if len(found_files) > 1: log.error(f"more that one files found for public id {upload_id!r}") found_file = found_files[0] file_path = request.file_sharing.files_path/found_file['file_hash'] file_res = static.File(file_path) file_res.type = f'{found_file["media_type"]}/{found_file["media_subtype"]}' file_res.encoding = file_res.contentEncodings.get(Path(found_file['name']).suffix) disp_type = self.getDispositionType( found_file['media_type'], found_file['media_subtype']) # the URL is percent encoded, and not all browsers/tools unquote the file name, # thus we add a content disposition header request.setHeader( 'Content-Disposition', f"{disp_type}; filename*=UTF-8''{quote(found_file['name'])}" ) # cf. https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0363.html#server request.setHeader( 'Content-Security-Policy', "default-src 'none'; frame-ancestors 'none';" ) ret = file_res.render(request) if ret != server.NOT_DONE_YET: # HEAD returns directly the result (while GET use a produced) request.write(ret) request.finish() def render_PUT(self, request): defer.ensureDeferred(self.renderPut(request)) return server.NOT_DONE_YET async def renderPut(self, request): try: client, upload_request = request.upload_request_data upload_id, filename = request.upload_data except AttributeError: request.write(self.errorPage(request, http.BAD_REQUEST)) request.finish() return # at this point request is checked and file is buffered, we can store it # we close the content here, before registering the file request.content.close() tmp_file_path = Path(request.content.name) request.content = None # the 2 following headers are not standard, but useful in the context of file # sharing with HTTP Upload: first one allow uploaded to specify the path # and second one will disable public exposure of the file through HTTP path = request.getHeader("Xmpp-File-Path") if path: path = unquote(path) else: path = "/uploads" if request.getHeader("Xmpp-File-No-Http") is not None: public_id = None else: public_id = upload_id file_data = { "name": unquote(upload_request.filename), "mime_type": upload_request.content_type, "size": upload_request.size, "path": path } await request.file_sharing.registerReceivedFile( client, upload_request.from_, file_data, tmp_file_path, public_id=public_id, ) request.setResponseCode(http.CREATED) request.finish() class FileSharingRequest(server.Request): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) self._upload_data = None @property def upload_data(self): """A tuple with upload_id and filename retrieve from requested path""" if self._upload_data is not None: return self._upload_data # self.path is not available if we are easly in the request (e.g. when gotLength # is called), in which case channel._path must be used. On the other hand, when # render_[VERB] is called, only self.path is available path = self.channel._path if self.path is None else self.path # we normalise the path path = urlparse(path.decode()).path try: __, upload_id, filename = path.split('/') except ValueError: raise exceptions.DataError("no enought path elements") if len(upload_id) < 10: raise exceptions.DataError(f"invalid upload ID received for a PUT: {upload_id!r}") self._upload_data = (upload_id, filename) return self._upload_data @property def file_sharing(self): return self.channel.site.file_sharing @property def file_tmp_dir(self): return self.channel.site.file_tmp_dir def refuseRequest(self): if self.content is not None: self.content.close() self.content = open(os.devnull, 'w+b') self.channel._respondToBadRequestAndDisconnect() def gotLength(self, length): if self.channel._command.decode().upper() == 'PUT': # for PUT we check early if upload_id is fine, to avoid buffering a file we'll refuse # we buffer the file in component's TMP_BUFFER_DIR, so we just have to rename it at the end try: upload_id, filename = self.upload_data except exceptions.DataError as e: log.warning(f"Invalid PUT request, we stop here: {e}") return self.refuseRequest() try: client, upload_request, timer = self.file_sharing.expected_uploads.pop(upload_id) except KeyError: log.warning(f"unknown (expired?) upload ID received for a PUT: {upload_id!r}") return self.refuseRequest() if not timer.active: log.warning(f"upload id {upload_id!r} used for a PUT, but it is expired") return self.refuseRequest() timer.cancel() if upload_request.filename != filename: log.warning( f"invalid filename for PUT (upload id: {upload_id!r}, URL: {self.channel._path.decode()}). Original " f"{upload_request.filename!r} doesn't match {filename!r}" ) return self.refuseRequest() self.upload_request_data = (client, upload_request) file_tmp_path = files_utils.get_unique_name( self.file_tmp_dir/upload_id) self.content = open(file_tmp_path, 'w+b') else: return super().gotLength(length) class FileSharingSite(server.Site): requestFactory = FileSharingRequest def __init__(self, file_sharing): self.file_sharing = file_sharing self.file_tmp_dir = file_sharing.host.getLocalPath( None, C.FILES_TMP_DIR, TMP_BUFFER_DIR, component=True, profile=False ) for old_file in self.file_tmp_dir.iterdir(): log.debug(f"purging old buffer file at {old_file}") old_file.unlink() super().__init__(HTTPFileServer()) def getContentFile(self, length): file_tmp_path = self.file_tmp_dir/shortuuid.uuid() return open(file_tmp_path, 'w+b') class FileSharing: def __init__(self, host): self.host = host self.initialised = False def init(self): # we init once on first component connection, # there is not need to init this plugin if not component use it # TODO: this plugin should not be loaded at all if no component uses it # and should be loaded dynamically as soon as a suitable profile is created if self.initialised: return self.initialised = True log.info(_("File Sharing initialization")) self._f = self.host.plugins["FILE"] self._jf = self.host.plugins["XEP-0234"] self._h = self.host.plugins["XEP-0300"] self._t = self.host.plugins["XEP-0264"] self.host.plugins["XEP-0363"].registerHandler(self._onHTTPUpload) self.host.trigger.add("FILE_getDestDir", self._getDestDirTrigger) self.host.trigger.add( "XEP-0234_fileSendingRequest", self._fileSendingRequestTrigger, priority=1000 ) self.host.trigger.add("XEP-0234_buildFileElement", self._addFileMetadataElts) self.host.trigger.add("XEP-0234_parseFileElement", self._getFileMetadataElts) self.host.trigger.add("XEP-0329_compGetFilesFromNode", self._addFileMetadata) self.host.trigger.add( "XEP-0329_compGetFilesFromNode_build_directory", self._addDirectoryMetadataElts) self.host.trigger.add( "XEP-0329_parseResult_directory", self._getDirectoryMetadataElts) self.files_path = self.host.getLocalPath(None, C.FILES_DIR, profile=False) self.http_port = self.host.memory.getConfig( 'component file_sharing', 'http_upload_port', 8888) connection_type = self.host.memory.getConfig( 'component file_sharing', 'http_upload_connection_type', 'https') if connection_type not in ('http', 'https'): raise exceptions.ConfigError( 'bad http_upload_connection_type, you must use one of "http" or "https"' ) self.server = FileSharingSite(self) self.expected_uploads = {} if connection_type == 'http': reactor.listenTCP(self.http_port, self.server) else: options = tls.getOptionsFromConfig( self.host.memory.config, "component file_sharing") tls.TLSOptionsCheck(options) context_factory = tls.getTLSContextFactory(options) reactor.listenSSL(self.http_port, self.server, context_factory) def getHandler(self, client): return Comments_handler(self) def profileConnecting(self, client): self.init() public_base_url = self.host.memory.getConfig( 'component file_sharing', 'http_upload_public_facing_url') if public_base_url is None: client._file_sharing_base_url = f"https://{client.host}:{self.http_port}" else: client._file_sharing_base_url = public_base_url path = client.file_tmp_dir = os.path.join( self.host.memory.getConfig("", "local_dir"), C.FILES_TMP_DIR, regex.pathEscape(client.profile), ) if not os.path.exists(path): os.makedirs(path) async def generate_thumbnails(self, extra: dict, image_path: Path): thumbnails = extra.setdefault(C.KEY_THUMBNAILS, []) for max_thumb_size in self._t.SIZES: try: thumb_size, thumb_id = await self._t.generateThumbnail( image_path, max_thumb_size, # we keep thumbnails for 6 months 60 * 60 * 24 * 31 * 6, ) except Exception as e: log.warning(_("Can't create thumbnail: {reason}").format(reason=e)) break thumbnails.append({"id": thumb_id, "size": thumb_size}) async def registerReceivedFile( self, client, peer_jid, file_data, file_path, public_id=None, extra=None): """Post file reception tasks once file is received, this method create hash/thumbnails if necessary move the file to the right location, and create metadata entry in database """ name = file_data["name"] if extra is None: extra = {} mime_type = file_data.get("mime_type") if not mime_type or mime_type == "application/octet-stream": mime_type = mimetypes.guess_type(name)[0] is_image = mime_type is not None and mime_type.startswith("image") is_video = mime_type is not None and mime_type.startswith("video") if file_data.get("hash_algo") == HASH_ALGO: log.debug(_("Reusing already generated hash")) file_hash = file_data["hash_hasher"].hexdigest() else: hasher = self._h.getHasher(HASH_ALGO) with file_path.open('rb') as f: file_hash = await self._h.calculateHash(f, hasher) final_path = self.files_path/file_hash if final_path.is_file(): log.debug( "file [{file_hash}] already exists, we can remove temporary one".format( file_hash=file_hash ) ) file_path.unlink() else: file_path.rename(final_path) log.debug( "file [{file_hash}] moved to {files_path}".format( file_hash=file_hash, files_path=self.files_path ) ) if is_image: await self.generate_thumbnails(extra, final_path) elif is_video: with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir: thumb_path = Path(tmp_dir) / "thumbnail.jpg" try: await video.get_thumbnail(final_path, thumb_path) except Exception as e: log.warning(_("Can't get thumbnail for {final_path}: {e}").format( final_path=final_path, e=e)) else: await self.generate_thumbnails(extra, thumb_path) self.host.memory.setFile( client, name=name, version="", file_hash=file_hash, hash_algo=HASH_ALGO, size=file_data["size"], path=file_data.get("path"), namespace=file_data.get("namespace"), mime_type=mime_type, public_id=public_id, owner=peer_jid, extra=extra, ) def _getDestDirTrigger( self, client, peer_jid, transfer_data, file_data, stream_object ): """This trigger accept file sending request, and store file locally""" if not client.is_component: return True, None assert stream_object assert "stream_object" not in transfer_data assert C.KEY_PROGRESS_ID in file_data filename = file_data["name"] assert filename and not "/" in filename file_tmp_dir = self.host.getLocalPath( None, C.FILES_TMP_DIR, peer_jid.userhost(), component=True, profile=False ) file_tmp_path = file_data['file_path'] = files_utils.get_unique_name( file_tmp_dir/filename) transfer_data["finished_d"].addCallback( lambda __: defer.ensureDeferred( self.registerReceivedFile(client, peer_jid, file_data, file_tmp_path) ) ) self._f.openFileWrite( client, file_tmp_path, transfer_data, file_data, stream_object ) return False, defer.succeed(True) @defer.inlineCallbacks def _retrieveFiles( self, client, session, content_data, content_name, file_data, file_elt ): """This method retrieve a file on request, and send if after checking permissions""" peer_jid = session["peer_jid"] owner = client.getOwnerFromJid(session['local_jid']) try: found_files = yield self.host.memory.getFiles( client, peer_jid=peer_jid, name=file_data.get("name"), file_hash=file_data.get("file_hash"), hash_algo=file_data.get("hash_algo"), path=file_data.get("path"), namespace=file_data.get("namespace"), owner=owner, ) except exceptions.NotFound: found_files = None except exceptions.PermissionError: log.warning( _("{peer_jid} is trying to access an unauthorized file: {name}").format( peer_jid=peer_jid, name=file_data.get("name") ) ) defer.returnValue(False) if not found_files: log.warning( _("no matching file found ({file_data})").format(file_data=file_data) ) defer.returnValue(False) # we only use the first found file found_file = found_files[0] if found_file['type'] != C.FILE_TYPE_FILE: raise TypeError("a file was expected, type is {type_}".format( type_=found_file['type'])) file_hash = found_file["file_hash"] file_path = self.files_path / file_hash file_data["hash_hasher"] = hasher = self._h.getHasher(found_file["hash_algo"]) size = file_data["size"] = found_file["size"] file_data["file_hash"] = file_hash file_data["hash_algo"] = found_file["hash_algo"] # we complete file_elt so peer can have some details on the file if "name" not in file_data: file_elt.addElement("name", content=found_file["name"]) file_elt.addElement("size", content=str(size)) content_data["stream_object"] = stream.FileStreamObject( self.host, client, file_path, uid=self._jf.getProgressId(session, content_name), size=size, data_cb=lambda data: hasher.update(data), ) defer.returnValue(True) def _fileSendingRequestTrigger( self, client, session, content_data, content_name, file_data, file_elt ): if not client.is_component: return True, None else: return ( False, self._retrieveFiles( client, session, content_data, content_name, file_data, file_elt ), ) ## HTTP Upload ## def _purge_slot(self, upload_id): try: del self.expected_uploads[upload_id] except KeyError: log.error(f"trying to purge an inexisting upload slot ({upload_id})") def _onHTTPUpload(self, client, request): # filename should be already cleaned, but it's better to double check assert '/' not in request.filename # client._file_sharing_allowed_hosts is set in plugin XEP-0329 if request.from_.host not in client._file_sharing_allowed_hosts: raise error.StanzaError("forbidden") upload_id = shortuuid.ShortUUID().random(length=30) assert '/' not in upload_id timer = reactor.callLater(30, self._purge_slot, upload_id) self.expected_uploads[upload_id] = (client, request, timer) url = urljoin(client._file_sharing_base_url, f"{upload_id}/{request.filename}") slot = self.host.plugins["XEP-0363"].Slot( put=url, get=url, headers=[], ) return slot ## metadata triggers ## def _addFileMetadataElts(self, client, file_elt, extra_args): # affiliation affiliation = extra_args.get('affiliation') if affiliation is not None: file_elt.addElement((NS_FS_AFFILIATION, "affiliation"), content=affiliation) # comments try: comments_url = extra_args.pop("comments_url") except KeyError: return comment_elt = file_elt.addElement((NS_COMMENTS, "comments"), content=comments_url) try: count = len(extra_args["extra"]["comments"]) except KeyError: count = 0 comment_elt["count"] = str(count) return True def _getFileMetadataElts(self, client, file_elt, file_data): # affiliation try: affiliation_elt = next(file_elt.elements(NS_FS_AFFILIATION, "affiliation")) except StopIteration: pass else: file_data["affiliation"] = str(affiliation_elt) # comments try: comments_elt = next(file_elt.elements(NS_COMMENTS, "comments")) except StopIteration: pass else: file_data["comments_url"] = str(comments_elt) file_data["comments_count"] = comments_elt["count"] return True def _addFileMetadata( self, client, iq_elt, iq_result_elt, owner, node_path, files_data): for file_data in files_data: file_data["comments_url"] = uri.buildXMPPUri( "pubsub", path=client.jid.full(), node=COMMENT_NODE_PREFIX + file_data["id"], ) return True def _addDirectoryMetadataElts( self, client, file_data, directory_elt, owner, node_path): affiliation = file_data.get('affiliation') if affiliation is not None: directory_elt.addElement( (NS_FS_AFFILIATION, "affiliation"), content=affiliation ) def _getDirectoryMetadataElts( self, client, elt, file_data): try: affiliation_elt = next(elt.elements((NS_FS_AFFILIATION, "affiliation"))) except StopIteration: pass else: file_data['affiliation'] = str(affiliation_elt) class Comments_handler(pubsub.PubSubService): """This class is a minimal Pubsub service handling virtual nodes for comments""" def __init__(self, plugin_parent): super(Comments_handler, self).__init__() self.host = plugin_parent.host self.plugin_parent = plugin_parent self.discoIdentity = { "category": "pubsub", "type": "virtual", # FIXME: non standard, here to avoid this service being considered as main pubsub one "name": "files commenting service", } def _getFileId(self, nodeIdentifier): if not nodeIdentifier.startswith(COMMENT_NODE_PREFIX): raise error.StanzaError("item-not-found") file_id = nodeIdentifier[len(COMMENT_NODE_PREFIX) :] if not file_id: raise error.StanzaError("item-not-found") return file_id @defer.inlineCallbacks def getFileData(self, requestor, nodeIdentifier): file_id = self._getFileId(nodeIdentifier) try: files = yield self.host.memory.getFiles(self.parent, requestor, file_id) except (exceptions.NotFound, exceptions.PermissionError): # we don't differenciate between NotFound and PermissionError # to avoid leaking information on existing files raise error.StanzaError("item-not-found") if not files: raise error.StanzaError("item-not-found") if len(files) > 1: raise error.InternalError("there should be only one file") defer.returnValue(files[0]) def commentsUpdate(self, extra, new_comments, peer_jid): """update comments (replace or insert new_comments) @param extra(dict): extra data to update @param new_comments(list[tuple(unicode, unicode, unicode)]): comments to update or insert @param peer_jid(unicode, None): bare jid of the requestor, or None if request is done by owner """ current_comments = extra.setdefault("comments", []) new_comments_by_id = {c[0]: c for c in new_comments} updated = [] # we now check every current comment, to see if one id in new ones # exist, in which case we must update for idx, comment in enumerate(current_comments): comment_id = comment[0] if comment_id in new_comments_by_id: # a new comment has an existing id, update is requested if peer_jid and comment[1] != peer_jid: # requestor has not the right to modify the comment raise exceptions.PermissionError # we replace old_comment with updated one new_comment = new_comments_by_id[comment_id] current_comments[idx] = new_comment updated.append(new_comment) # we now remove every updated comments, to only keep # the ones to insert for comment in updated: new_comments.remove(comment) current_comments.extend(new_comments) def commentsDelete(self, extra, comments): try: comments_dict = extra["comments"] except KeyError: return for comment in comments: try: comments_dict.remove(comment) except ValueError: continue def _getFrom(self, item_elt): """retrieve published of an item @param item_elt(domish.element): <item> element @return (unicode): full jid as string """ iq_elt = item_elt while iq_elt.parent != None: iq_elt = iq_elt.parent return iq_elt["from"] @defer.inlineCallbacks def publish(self, requestor, service, nodeIdentifier, items): # we retrieve file a first time to check authorisations file_data = yield self.getFileData(requestor, nodeIdentifier) file_id = file_data["id"] comments = [(item["id"], self._getFrom(item), item.toXml()) for item in items] if requestor.userhostJID() == file_data["owner"]: peer_jid = None else: peer_jid = requestor.userhost() update_cb = partial(self.commentsUpdate, new_comments=comments, peer_jid=peer_jid) try: yield self.host.memory.fileUpdate(file_id, "extra", update_cb) except exceptions.PermissionError: raise error.StanzaError("not-authorized") @defer.inlineCallbacks def items(self, requestor, service, nodeIdentifier, maxItems, itemIdentifiers): file_data = yield self.getFileData(requestor, nodeIdentifier) comments = file_data["extra"].get("comments", []) if itemIdentifiers: defer.returnValue( [generic.parseXml(c[2]) for c in comments if c[0] in itemIdentifiers] ) else: defer.returnValue([generic.parseXml(c[2]) for c in comments]) @defer.inlineCallbacks def retract(self, requestor, service, nodeIdentifier, itemIdentifiers): file_data = yield self.getFileData(requestor, nodeIdentifier) file_id = file_data["id"] try: comments = file_data["extra"]["comments"] except KeyError: raise error.StanzaError("item-not-found") to_remove = [] for comment in comments: comment_id = comment[0] if comment_id in itemIdentifiers: to_remove.append(comment) itemIdentifiers.remove(comment_id) if not itemIdentifiers: break if itemIdentifiers: # not all items have been to_remove, we can't continue raise error.StanzaError("item-not-found") if requestor.userhostJID() != file_data["owner"]: if not all([c[1] == requestor.userhost() for c in to_remove]): raise error.StanzaError("not-authorized") remove_cb = partial(self.commentsDelete, comments=to_remove) yield self.host.memory.fileUpdate(file_id, "extra", remove_cb)