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annotate mod_rest/README.markdown @ 4066:07ae583bc565

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mod_rest: Add support for form-encoded output This roughtly matches the input capabilities when given an form-encoded payload.
author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Mon, 20 Jul 2020 21:42:11 +0200
parents 2c6d5734ae04
children 5790c3cf615b
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1 ---
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2 labels:
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 summary: RESTful XMPP API
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5 ---
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6
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7 # Introduction
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8
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9 This is yet another RESTful API for sending and receiving stanzas via
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10 Prosody. It can be used to build bots and components implemented as HTTP
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11 services.
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13 # Usage
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14
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15 ## Enabling
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16
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17 ``` {.lua}
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18 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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19 rest_credentials = "Bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K"
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20 ```
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21
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22 ## Sending stanzas
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23
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24 The API endpoint becomes available at the path `/rest`, so the full URL
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25 will be something like `https://your-prosody.example:5281/rest`.
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26
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27 To try it, simply `curl` an XML stanza payload:
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28
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29 ``` {.sh}
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30 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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31 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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32 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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33 --data-binary '<message type="chat" to="user@example.org">
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34 <body>Hello!</body>
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35 </body>'
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36 ```
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37
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38 or a JSON payload:
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39
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40 ``` {.sh}
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41 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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42 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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43 -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
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44 --data-binary '{
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45 "body" : "Hello!",
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46 "kind" : "message",
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47 "to" : "user@example.org",
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48 "type" : "chat"
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49 }'
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50 ```
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51
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52 The `Content-Type` header is important!
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53
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54 ### Replies
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55
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56 A POST containing an `<iq>` stanza automatically wait for the reply,
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57 long-polling style.
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58
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59 ``` {.sh}
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60 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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61 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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62 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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63 --data-binary '<iq type="get" to="example.net">
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64 <ping xmlns="urn:xmpp:ping"/>
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65 </iq>'
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66 ```
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67
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68 Replies to other kinds of stanzas that are generated by the same Prosody
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69 instance *MAY* be returned in the HTTP response. Replies from other
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70 entities (connected clients or remote servers) will not be returned, but
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71 can be forwarded via the callback API described in the next section.
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72
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73 ## Receiving stanzas
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74
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75 TL;DR: Set this webhook callback URL, get XML `POST`-ed there.
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76
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77 ``` {.lua}
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78 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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79 rest_credentials = "Bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K"
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80 rest_callback_url = "http://my-api.example:9999/stanzas"
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81 ```
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82
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83 To enable JSON payloads set
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84
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85 ``` {.lua}
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86 rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"
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87 ```
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88
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89 Example callback looks like:
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90
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91 ``` {.xml}
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92 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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93 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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94 Content-Length: 102
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95
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96 <message to="bot@rest.example.net" from="user@example.com" type="chat">
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97 <body>Hello</body>
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98 </message>
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99 ```
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100
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101 or as JSON:
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102
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103 ``` {.json}
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104 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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105 Content-Type: application/json
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106 Content-Length: 133
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107
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108 {
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109 "body" : "Hello",
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110 "from" : "user@example.com",
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111 "kind" : "message",
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112 "to" : "bot@rest.example.net",
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113 "type" : "chat"
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114 }
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115 ```
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116
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117 ### Replying
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118
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119 To accept the stanza without returning a reply, respond with HTTP status
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120 code `202` or `204`.
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121
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122 HTTP status codes in the `4xx` and `5xx` range are mapped to an
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123 appropriate stanza error.
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124
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125 For full control over the response, set the `Content-Type` header to
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126 `application/xmpp+xml` and return an XMPP stanza as an XML snippet.
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127
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128 ``` {.xml}
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129 HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
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130 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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131
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132 <message type="chat">
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133 <body>Yes, this is bot</body>
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134 </message>
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135 ```
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136
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137 ## Payload format
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138
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139 ### JSON
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140
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141 ``` {.json}
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142 {
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143 "body" : "Hello!",
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144 "kind" : "message",
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145 "type" : "chat"
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146 }
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147 ```
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148
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149 Further JSON object keys as follows:
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150
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151 #### Messages
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152
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153 `kind`
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154 : `"message"`
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155
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156 `type`
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157 : Commonly `"chat"` for 1-to-1 messages and `"groupchat"` for group
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158 chat messages. Others include `"normal"`, `"headline"` and
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159 `"error"`.
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160
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161 `body`
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162 : Human-readable message text.
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163
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164 `subject`
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165 : Message subject or MUC topic.
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166
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167 `html`
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168 : HTML.
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169
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170 `oob_url`
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171 : URL of an out-of-band resource, often used for images.
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172
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173 #### Presence
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174
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175 `kind`
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176 : `"presence"`
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177
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178 `type`
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179 : Empty for online or `"unavailable"` for offline.
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180
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181 `show`
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182 : [Online
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183 status](https://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6121.html#presence-syntax-children-show),
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184 `away`, `dnd` etc.
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185
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186 `status`
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187 : Human-readable status message.
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188
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189 `join`
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190 : Boolean. Join a group chat.
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191
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192 #### Info-Queries
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193
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194 Only one type of payload can be included in an `iq`.
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195
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196 `kind`
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197 : `"iq"`
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198
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199 `type`
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200 : `"get"` or `"set"` for queries, `"response"` or `"error"` for
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201 replies.
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202
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203 `ping`
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204 : Send a ping. Get a pong. Maybe.
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205
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206 `disco`
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207 : Retrieve service discovery information about an entity.
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208
3828
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209 `items`
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210 : Discover list of items (other services, groupchats etc).
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211
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212 ### XML
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213
3800
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214 ``` {.xml}
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215 <message type="" id="" to="" from="" xml:lang="">
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216 ...
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217 </message>
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218 ```
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219
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220 An XML declaration (`<?xml?>`) **MUST NOT** be included.
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221
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222 The payload MUST contain one (1) `message`, `presence` or `iq` stanza.
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223
3801
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224 The stanzas MUST NOT have an `xmlns` attribute, and the default/empty
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225 namespace is treated as `jabber:client`.
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226
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227 # Examples
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228
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229 ## Python / Flask
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230
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231 Simple echo bot that responds to messages as XML:
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232
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233 ``` {.python}
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234 from flask import Flask, Response, request
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235 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
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236
3809
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237 app = Flask("echobot")
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238
3808
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239
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240 @app.before_request
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241 def parse():
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242 request.stanza = ET.fromstring(request.data)
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243
3809
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244
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245 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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246 def hello():
3809
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247 if request.stanza.tag == "message":
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248 return Response(
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249 "<message><body>Yes this is bot</body></message>",
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250 content_type="application/xmpp+xml",
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251 )
3808
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252
3809
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253 return Response(status=501)
3808
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254
3809
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255
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256 if __name__ == "__main__":
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257 app.run()
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258 ```
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259
3820
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260 And a JSON variant:
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261
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262 ``` {.python}
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263 from flask import Flask, Response, request, jsonify
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264
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265 app = Flask("echobot")
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266
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267
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268 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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269 def hello():
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270 print(request.data)
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271 if request.is_json:
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272 data = request.get_json()
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273 if data["kind"] == "message":
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274 return jsonify({"body": "hello"})
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275
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276 return Response(status=501)
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277
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278
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279 if __name__ == "__main__":
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280 app.run()
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281 ```
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282
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283 Remember to set `rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"` for
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284 this to work.
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285
3857
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286 # JSON mapping
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287
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288 This section describes the JSON mapping. It can't represent any possible
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289 stanza, for full flexibility use the XML mode.
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290
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291 ## Stanza basics
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292
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293 `kind`
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294 : String representing the kind of stanza, one of `"message"`,
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295 `"presence"` or `"iq"`.
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296
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297 `type`
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298 : String with the type of stanza, appropriate values vary depending on
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299 `kind`, see [RFC 6121]. E.g.`"chat"` for *message* stanzas etc.
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300
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301 `to`
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302 : String containing the XMPP Address of the destination / recipient of
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303 the stanza.
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304
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305 `from`
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306 : String containing the XMPP Address of the sender the stanza.
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307
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308 `id`
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309 : String with a reasonably unique identifier for the stanza.
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310
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311 ## Basic Payloads
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312
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313 ### Messages
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314
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315 `body`
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316 : String, human readable text message.
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317
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318 `subject`
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319 : String, human readable summary equivalent to an email subject or the
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320 chat room topic in a `type:groupchat` message.
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321
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322 ### Presence
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323
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324 `show`
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325 : String representing availability, e.g. `"away"`, `"dnd"`. No value
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326 means a normal online status. See [RFC 6121] for the full list.
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327
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328 `status`
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329 : String with a human readable text message describing availability.
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330
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331 ## More payloads
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332
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333 ### Messages
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334
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335 `state`
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336 : String with current chat state, e.g. `"active"` (default) and
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337 `"composing"` (typing).
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338
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339 `html`
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340 : String with HTML allowing rich formating. **MUST** be contained in a
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341 `<body>` element.
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342
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343 `oob_url`
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344 : String with an URL of an external resource.
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345
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346 ### Presence
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347
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348 `join`
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349 : Boolean, used to join group chats.
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350
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351 ### IQ
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352
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353 `ping`
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354 : Boolean, a simple ping query. "Pongs" have only basic fields
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355 presents.
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356
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357 `version`
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358 : Map with `name`, `version` fields, and optionally an `os` field, to
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359 describe the software.
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360
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361 #### Service Discovery
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362
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363 `disco`
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364
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365 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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366 query.
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367
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368 Responses have a map containing an array of available features in
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369 the `features` key and an array of "identities" in the `identities`
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370 key. Each identity has a `category` and `type` field as well as an
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371 optional `name` field. See [XEP-0030] for further details.
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372
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373 `items`
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374 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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375 items list query. The response contain an array of items like
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376 `{"jid":"xmpp.address.here","name":"Description of item"}`.
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377
3953
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378 `extensions`
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379 : Map of extended feature discovery (see [XEP-0128]) data with
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380 `FORM_DATA` fields as the keys pointing at maps with the rest of the
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381 data.
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382
3890
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383 #### Ad-Hoc Commands
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384
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385 Used to execute arbitrary commands on supporting entities.
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386
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387 `command`
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388
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389 : String representing the command `node` or Map with the following
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390 possible fields:
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391
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392 `node`
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393 : Required string with node from disco\#items query for the
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394 command to execute.
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395
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396 `action`
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397 : Optional enum string defaulting to `"execute"`. Multi-step
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398 commands may involve `"next"`, `"prev"`, `"complete"` or
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399 `"cancel"`.
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400
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401 `actions`
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402 : Set (map of strings to `true`) with available actions to proceed
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403 with in multi-step commands.
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404
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405 `status`
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406 : String describing the status of the command, normally
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407 `"executing"`.
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408
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409 `sessionid`
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410 : Random session ID issued by the responder to identify the
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411 session in multi-step commands.
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412
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413 `note`
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414 : Map with `"type"` and `"text"` fields that carry simple result
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415 information.
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416
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417 `form`
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418 : Data form with description of expected input and data types in
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419 the next step of multi-step commands. **TODO** document format.
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420
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421 `data`
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422 : Map with only the data for result dataforms. Fields may be
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423 stings or arrays of strings.
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424
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425 ##### Example
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426
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427 Discovering commands:
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428
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429 ``` {.json}
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430 {
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431 "items" : {
3890
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432 "node" : "http://jabber.org/protocol/commands"
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433 },
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434 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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435 "kind" : "iq",
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436 "to" : "example.com",
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437 "type" : "get"
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438 }
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439 ```
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440
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441 Response:
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442
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443 ``` {.json}
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444 {
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445 "from" : "example.com",
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446 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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447 "items" : [
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448 {
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449 "jid" : "example.com",
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450 "name" : "Get uptime",
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451 "node" : "uptime"
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452 }
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453 ],
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454 "kind" : "iq",
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455 "type" : "result"
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456 }
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457 ```
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458
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459 Execute the command:
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460
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461 ``` {.json}
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462 {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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463 "command" : {
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464 "node" : "uptime"
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465 },
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466 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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467 "kind" : "iq",
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468 "to" : "example.com",
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469 "type" : "set"
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470 }
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471 ```
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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472
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473 Executed:
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474
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475 ``` {.json}
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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476 {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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477 "command" : {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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478 "node" : "uptime",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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479 "note" : {
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480 "text" : "This server has been running for 0 days, 20 hours and 54 minutes (since Fri Feb 7 18:05:30 2020)",
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481 "type" : "info"
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482 },
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483 "sessionid" : "6380880a-93e9-4f13-8ee2-171927a40e67",
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484 "status" : "completed"
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485 },
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486 "from" : "example.com",
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487 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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488 "kind" : "iq",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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489 "type" : "result"
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490 }
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491 ```
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492
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493 - **TODO** Describe multi-step commands with dataforms.
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494
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495 # Compatibility
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496
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497 Requires Prosody trunk / 0.12