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annotate mod_http_upload_external/README.markdown @ 5958:5f8a306c8306

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mod_http_oauth2: Require a stringprepped host part of URLs
author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Sat, 31 Aug 2024 13:30:55 +0200
parents 070b0db6c4a0
children
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1 ---
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2 description: HTTP File Upload (external service)
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3 labels:
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4 - Stage-Alpha
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5 ---
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6
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7 Introduction
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8 ============
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9
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10 This module implements [XEP-0363], which lets clients upload files
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11 over HTTP to an external web server.
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12
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13 This module generates URLs that are signed using a HMAC. Any web service that can authenticate
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14 these URLs can be used.
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15
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16 Implementations
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17 ---------------
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18
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19 * [PHP implementation](https://hg.prosody.im/prosody-modules/raw-file/tip/mod_http_upload_external/share.php)
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20 * [Python3+Flask implementation](https://github.com/horazont/xmpp-http-upload)
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21 * [Go implementation, Prosody Filer](https://github.com/ThomasLeister/prosody-filer)
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22 * [Perl implementation for nginx](https://github.com/weiss/ngx_http_upload)
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23 * [Rust implementation](https://gitlab.com/nyovaya/xmpp-http-upload)
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25 To implement your own service compatible with this module, check out the implementation notes below
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26 (and if you publish your implementation - let us know!).
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28 Configuration
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29 =============
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30
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31 The module can be added as a new Component definition:
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32
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33 ``` {.lua}
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34 Component "upload.example.org" "http_upload_external"
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35 http_upload_external_base_url = "https://your.example.com/upload/service"
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36 http_upload_external_secret = "your shared secret"
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37 ```
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38
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39 It should **not** be added to modules_enabled.
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40
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42 External URL
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43 ------------
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44
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45 You need to provide the path to the external service. Ensure it ends with '/'.
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46
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47 For example, to use the PHP implementation linked above, you might set it to:
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48
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49 ``` {.lua}
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50 http_upload_external_base_url = "https://your.example.com/path/to/share.php/"
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51 ```
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52
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53 Secret
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54 ------
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55
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56 Set a long and unpredictable string as your secret. This is so the upload service can verify that
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57 the upload comes from mod_http_upload_external, and random strangers can't upload to your server.
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58
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59 ``` {.lua}
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60 http_upload_external_secret = "this is a secret string!"
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61 ```
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62
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63 You need to set exactly the same secret string in your external service.
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64
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65 Limits
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66 ------
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67
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68 A maximum file size can be set by:
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69
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70 ``` {.lua}
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71 http_upload_external_file_size_limit = 123 -- bytes
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72 ```
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73
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74 Default is 100MB (100\*1024\*1024).
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75
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76 Access
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77 ------
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78
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79 You may want to give upload access to additional entities such as components
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80 by using the `http_upload_external_access` config option.
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81
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82 ``` {.lua}
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83 http_upload_external_access = {"gateway.example.com"};
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84 ```
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85
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86 Compatibility
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87 =============
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88
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89 Works with Prosody 0.9.x and later.
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90
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91 Implementation
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92 ==============
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93
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94 To implement your own external service that is compatible with this module, you need to expose a
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95 simple API that allows the HTTP GET, HEAD and PUT methods on arbitrary URLs located on your service.
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96
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97 For example, if http_upload_external_base_url is set to `https://example.com/upload/` then your service
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98 might receive the following requests:
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99
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100 Upload a new file:
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101
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102 ```
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103 PUT https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg?v=49e9309ff543ace93d25be90635ba8e9965c4f23fc885b2d86c947a5d59e55b2
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104 ```
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105
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106 Recipient checks the file size and other headers:
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107
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108 ```
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109 HEAD https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg
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110 ```
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111
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112 Recipient downloads the file:
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113
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114 ```
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115 GET https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg
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116 ```
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117
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118 The only tricky logic is in validation of the PUT request. Firstly, don't overwrite existing files (return 409 Conflict).
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119
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120 Then you need to validate the auth token.
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121
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122 ### Validating the auth token
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123
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124
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125 | Version | Supports |
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126 |:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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127 | v | Validates only filename and size. Does not support file type restrictions by the XMPP server. |
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128 | v2 | Validates the filename, size and MIME type. This allows the server to implement MIME type restrictions. |
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129
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130 It is probable that a future v3 will be specified that allows carrying information about the uploader identity, allowing
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131 the implementation of per-user quotas and limits.
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132
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133 Implementations may implement one or more versions of the protocol simultaneously. The XMPP server generates the URLs and
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134 ultimately selects which version will be used.
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135
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136 XMPP servers MUST only generate URLs with **one** of the versions listed here. However in case multiple parameters are
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137 present, upload services MUST **only** use the token from the highest parameter version that they support.
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138
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139 #### Version 1 (v)
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140
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141 The token will be in the URL query parameter 'v'. If it is absent, fail with 403 Forbidden.
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142
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143 Calculate the expected auth token by reading the value of the Content-Length header of the PUT request. E.g. for a 1MB file
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144 will have a Content-Length of '1048576'. Append this to the uploaded file name, separated by a space (0x20) character.
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145
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146 For the above example, you would end up with the following string: "foo/bar.jpg 1048576"
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147
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148 The auth token is a SHA256 HMAC of this string, using the configured secret as the key. E.g.
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149
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150 ```
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151 calculated_auth_token = hmac_sha256("foo/bar.jpg 1048576", "secret string")
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152 ```
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153
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154 If this is not equal to the 'v' parameter provided in the upload URL, reject the upload with 403 Forbidden.
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155
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156 **Security note:** When comparing `calculated_auth_token` with the token provided in the URL, you must use a constant-time string
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157 comparison, otherwise an attacker may be able to discover your secret key. Most languages/environments provide such a function, such
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158 as `hash_equals()` in PHP, `hmac.compare_digest()` in Python, or `ConstantTimeCompare()` from `crypto/subtle` in Go.
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159
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160 #### Version 2 (v2)
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161
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162 The token will be in the URL query parameter 'v2'. If it is absent, fail with 403 Forbidden.
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163
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164 | Input | Example |Read from |
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165 |:----------------|:------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------|
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166 |`file_path` | foo/bar.jpg | The URL of the PUT request, with the service's base prefix removed. |
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167 |`content_length` | 1048576 | Content-Length header |
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168 |`content_type` | image/jpeg | Content-Type header |
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169
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170 The parameters should be joined into a single string, separated by NUL bytes (`\0`):
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171
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172 ```
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173 signed_string = ( file_path + '\0' + content_length + '\0' + content_type )
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174 ```
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175
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176 ```
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177 signed_string = "foo/bar.jpg\01048576\0image/jpeg"
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178 ```
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179
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180 The expected auth token is the SHA256 HMAC of this string, using the configured secret key as the key. E.g.:
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181
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182 ```
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183 calculated_auth_token = hmac_sha256(signed_string, "secret string")
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184 ```
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185
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186 If this is not equal to the 'v2' parameter provided in the upload URL, reject the upload with 403 Forbidden.
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187
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188 **Security note:** When comparing `calculated_auth_token` with the token provided in the URL, you must use a constant-time string
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189 comparison, otherwise an attacker may be able to discover your secret key. Most languages/environments provide such a function, such
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190 as `hash_equals()` in PHP, `hmac.compare_digest()` in Python, or `ConstantTimeCompare()` from `crypto/subtle` in Go.
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191
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192 ### Security considerations
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193
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194 #### HTTPS
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195
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196 All uploads and downloads should only be over HTTPS. The security of the served content is protected only
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197 by the uniqueness present in the URLs themselves, and not using HTTPS may leak the URLs and contents to third-parties.
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198
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199 Implementations should consider including HSTS and HPKP headers, with consent of the administrator.
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200
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201 #### MIME types
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202
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203 If the upload Content-Type header matches any of the following MIME types, it MUST be preserved and included in the Content-Type
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204 of any GET requests made to download the file:
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205
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206 - `image/*`
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207 - `video/*`
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208 - `audio/*`
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209 - `text/plain`
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210
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211 It is recommended that other MIME types are preserved, but served with the addition of the following header:
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212
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213 ```
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214 Content-Disposition: attachment
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215 ```
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216
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217 This prevents the browser interpreting scripts and other resources that may potentially be malicious.
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218
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219 Some browsers may also benefit from explicitly telling them not to try guessing the type of a file:
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220
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221 ```
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222 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
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223 ```
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224
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225 #### Security headers
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226
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227 The following headers should be included to provide additional sandboxing of resources, considering the uploaded
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228 content is not understood or trusted by the upload service:
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229
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230 ```
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231 Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
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232 X-Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
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233 X-WebKit-CSP: default-src 'none'
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234 ```