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annotate mod_http_upload_external/README.markdown @ 5356:959dc350f2ad

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mod_http_oauth2: Declare https as required of URIs in schema If util.jsonschema happens to gain support for 'pattern' (regular expression validation) then this would be picked up. Until then, declarative annotations are nice.
author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Sat, 22 Apr 2023 14:06:41 +0200
parents c149edb37349
children fba64b043c52
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1 ---
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2 description: HTTP File Upload (external service)
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3 labels: 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 ---
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5
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6 Introduction
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7 ============
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8
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9 This module implements [XEP-0363], which lets clients upload files
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10 over HTTP to an external web server.
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11
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12 This module generates URLs that are signed using a HMAC. Any web service that can authenticate
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13 these URLs can be used.
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14
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15 Implementations
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16 ---------------
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17
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18 * [PHP implementation](https://hg.prosody.im/prosody-modules/raw-file/tip/mod_http_upload_external/share.php)
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19 * [Python3+Flask implementation](https://github.com/horazont/xmpp-http-upload)
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20 * [Go implementation, Prosody Filer](https://github.com/ThomasLeister/prosody-filer)
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21 * [Perl implementation for nginx](https://github.com/weiss/ngx_http_upload)
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23 To implement your own service compatible with this module, check out the implementation notes below
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24 (and if you publish your implementation - let us know!).
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26 Configuration
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27 =============
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28
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29 The module can be added as a new Component definition:
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30
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31 ``` {.lua}
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32 Component "upload.example.org" "http_upload_external"
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33 http_upload_external_base_url = "https://your.example.com/upload/service"
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34 http_upload_external_secret = "your shared secret"
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35 ```
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36
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37 It should **not** be added to modules_enabled.
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38
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40 External URL
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41 ------------
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42
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43 You need to provide the path to the external service. Ensure it ends with '/'.
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45 For example, to use the PHP implementation linked above, you might set it to:
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47 ``` {.lua}
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48 http_upload_external_base_url = "https://your.example.com/path/to/share.php/"
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49 ```
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50
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51 Secret
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52 ------
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53
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54 Set a long and unpredictable string as your secret. This is so the upload service can verify that
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55 the upload comes from mod_http_upload_external, and random strangers can't upload to your server.
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56
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57 ``` {.lua}
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58 http_upload_external_secret = "this is a secret string!"
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59 ```
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60
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61 You need to set exactly the same secret string in your external service.
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62
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63 Limits
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64 ------
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65
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66 A maximum file size can be set by:
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67
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68 ``` {.lua}
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69 http_upload_external_file_size_limit = 123 -- bytes
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70 ```
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71
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72 Default is 100MB (100\*1024\*1024).
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73
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74 Access
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75 ------
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76
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77 You may want to give upload access to additional entities such as components
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78 by using the `http_upload_access` config option.
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79
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80 ``` {.lua}
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81 http_upload_access = {"gateway.example.com"};
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82 ```
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83
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84 Compatibility
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85 =============
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86
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87 Works with Prosody 0.9.x and later.
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88
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89 Implementation
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90 ==============
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91
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92 To implement your own external service that is compatible with this module, you need to expose a
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93 simple API that allows the HTTP GET, HEAD and PUT methods on arbitrary URLs located on your service.
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94
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95 For example, if http_upload_external_base_url is set to `https://example.com/upload/` then your service
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96 might receive the following requests:
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97
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98 Upload a new file:
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99
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100 ```
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101 PUT https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg?v=49e9309ff543ace93d25be90635ba8e9965c4f23fc885b2d86c947a5d59e55b2
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102 ```
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103
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104 Recipient checks the file size and other headers:
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105
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106 ```
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107 HEAD https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg
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108 ```
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109
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110 Recipient downloads the file:
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111
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112 ```
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113 GET https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg
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114 ```
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115
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116 The only tricky logic is in validation of the PUT request. Firstly, don't overwrite existing files (return 409 Conflict).
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117
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118 Then you need to validate the auth token.
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119
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120 ### Validating the auth token
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121
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122
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123 | Version | Supports |
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124 |:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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125 | v | Validates only filename and size. Does not support file type restrictions by the XMPP server. |
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126 | v2 | Validates the filename, size and MIME type. This allows the server to implement MIME type restrictions. |
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127
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128 It is probable that a future v3 will be specified that allows carrying information about the uploader identity, allowing
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129 the implementation of per-user quotas and limits.
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130
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131 Implementations may implement one or more versions of the protocol simultaneously. The XMPP server generates the URLs and
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132 ultimately selects which version will be used.
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133
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134 XMPP servers MUST only generate URLs with **one** of the versions listed here. However in case multiple parameters are
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135 present, upload services MUST **only** use the token from the highest parameter version that they support.
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136
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137 #### Version 1 (v)
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138
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139 The token will be in the URL query parameter 'v'. If it is absent, fail with 403 Forbidden.
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141 Calculate the expected auth token by reading the value of the Content-Length header of the PUT request. E.g. for a 1MB file
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142 will have a Content-Length of '1048576'. Append this to the uploaded file name, separated by a space (0x20) character.
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143
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144 For the above example, you would end up with the following string: "foo/bar.jpg 1048576"
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145
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146 The auth token is a SHA256 HMAC of this string, using the configured secret as the key. E.g.
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147
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148 ```
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149 calculated_auth_token = hmac_sha256("foo/bar.jpg 1048576", "secret string")
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150 ```
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151
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152 If this is not equal to the 'v' parameter provided in the upload URL, reject the upload with 403 Forbidden.
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153
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154 **Security note:** When comparing `calculated_auth_token` with the token provided in the URL, you must use a constant-time string
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155 comparison, otherwise an attacker may be able to discover your secret key. Most languages/environments provide such a function, such
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156 as `hash_equals()` in PHP, `hmac.compare_digest()` in Python, or `ConstantTimeCompare()` from `crypto/subtle` in Go.
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157
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158 #### Version 2 (v2)
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159
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160 The token will be in the URL query parameter 'v2'. If it is absent, fail with 403 Forbidden.
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161
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162 | Input | Example |Read from |
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163 |:----------------|:------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------|
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164 |`file_path` | foo/bar.jpg | The URL of the PUT request, with the service's base prefix removed. |
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165 |`content_length` | 1048576 | Content-Length header |
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166 |`content_type` | image/jpeg | Content-Type header |
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167
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168 The parameters should be joined into a single string, separated by NUL bytes (`\0`):
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169
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170 ```
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171 signed_string = ( file_path + '\0' + content_length + '\0' + content_type )
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172 ```
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173
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174 ```
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175 signed_string = "foo/bar.jpg\01048576\0image/jpeg"
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176 ```
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177
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178 The expected auth token is the SHA256 HMAC of this string, using the configured secret key as the key. E.g.:
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179
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180 ```
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181 calculated_auth_token = hmac_sha256(signed_string, "secret string")
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182 ```
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183
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184 If this is not equal to the 'v2' parameter provided in the upload URL, reject the upload with 403 Forbidden.
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185
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186 **Security note:** When comparing `calculated_auth_token` with the token provided in the URL, you must use a constant-time string
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187 comparison, otherwise an attacker may be able to discover your secret key. Most languages/environments provide such a function, such
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188 as `hash_equals()` in PHP, `hmac.compare_digest()` in Python, or `ConstantTimeCompare()` from `crypto/subtle` in Go.
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189
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190 ### Security considerations
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191
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192 #### HTTPS
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193
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194 All uploads and downloads should only be over HTTPS. The security of the served content is protected only
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195 by the uniqueness present in the URLs themselves, and not using HTTPS may leak the URLs and contents to third-parties.
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196
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197 Implementations should consider including HSTS and HPKP headers, with consent of the administrator.
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198
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199 #### MIME types
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200
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201 If the upload Content-Type header matches any of the following MIME types, it MUST be preserved and included in the Content-Type
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202 of any GET requests made to download the file:
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203
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204 - `image/*`
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205 - `video/*`
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206 - `audio/*`
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207 - `text/plain`
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208
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209 It is recommended that other MIME types are preserved, but served with the addition of the following header:
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210
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211 ```
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212 Content-Disposition: attachment
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213 ```
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214
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215 This prevents the browser interpreting scripts and other resources that may potentially be malicious.
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216
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217 Some browsers may also benefit from explicitly telling them not to try guessing the type of a file:
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218
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219 ```
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220 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
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221 ```
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222
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223 #### Security headers
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224
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225 The following headers should be included to provide additional sandboxing of resources, considering the uploaded
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226 content is not understood or trusted by the upload service:
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227
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228 ```
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229 Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
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230 X-Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
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231 X-WebKit-CSP: default-src 'none'
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232 ```