Mercurial > prosody-modules
annotate mod_firewall/README.markdown @ 1880:a7c1f1b6ef05
mod_checkcerts: Improve error handling when loading certificate
| author | Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se> |
|---|---|
| date | Tue, 29 Sep 2015 14:56:46 +0200 |
| parents | 4d73a1a6ba68 |
| children | ce991c678370 |
| rev | line source |
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1 --- |
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2 labels: |
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha' |
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4 summary: 'A rule-based stanza filtering module' |
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5 ... |
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6 |
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7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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9 **Note:** mod\_firewall is in its very early stages. This documentation |
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10 is liable to change, and some described functionality may be missing, |
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11 incomplete or contain bugs. Feedback is welcome in the comments section |
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12 at the bottom of this page. |
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14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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16 Introduction |
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17 ============ |
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19 A firewall is an invaluable tool in the sysadmin's toolbox. However |
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20 while low-level firewalls such as iptables and pf are incredibly good at |
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21 what they do, they are generally not able to handle application-layer |
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22 rules. |
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24 The goal of mod\_firewall is to provide similar services at the XMPP |
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25 layer. Based on rule scripts it can efficiently block, bounce, drop, |
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26 forward, copy, redirect stanzas and more! Furthermore all rules can be |
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27 applied and updated dynamically at runtime without restarting the |
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28 server. |
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30 Details |
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31 ======= |
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33 mod\_firewall loads one or more scripts, and compiles these to Lua code |
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34 that reacts to stanzas flowing through Prosody. The firewall script |
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35 syntax is unusual, but straightforward. |
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37 A firewall script is dominated by rules. Each rule has two parts: |
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38 conditions, and actions. When a stanza matches all of the conditions, |
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39 all of the actions are executed in order. |
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| 41 Here is a simple example to block stanzas from spammer@example.com: | |
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43 FROM: spammer@example.com |
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44 DROP. |
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46 FROM is a condition, and DROP is an action. This is about as simple as |
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47 it gets. How about heading to the other extreme? Let's demonstrate |
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48 something more complex that mod\_firewall can do for you: |
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50 %ZONE myorganisation: staff.myorg.example, support.myorg.example |
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52 ENTERING: myorganisation |
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53 KIND: message |
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54 TIME: 12am-9am, 5pm-12am, Saturday, Sunday |
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55 REPLY=Sorry, I am afraid our office is closed at the moment. If you need assistance, please call our 24-hour support line on 123-456-789. |
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57 This rule will reply with a short message whenever someone tries to send |
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58 a message to someone at any of the hosts defined in the 'myorganisation' |
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59 outside of office hours. |
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61 Firewall rules should be written to a `ruleset.pfw` file. Multiple such |
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62 rule files can be specified in the configuration using: |
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63 |
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64 firewall_scripts = { "path/to/ruleset.pfw" } |
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66 Conditions |
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67 ---------- |
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68 |
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69 All conditions must come before any action in a rule block. The |
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70 condition name is followed by a colon (':'), and the value to test for. |
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72 A condition can be preceded or followed by `NOT` to negate its match. |
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73 For example: |
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75 NOT FROM: user@example.com |
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76 KIND NOT: message |
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78 ### Zones |
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80 A 'zone' is one or more hosts or JIDs. It is possible to match when a |
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81 stanza is entering or leaving a zone, while at the same time not |
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82 matching traffic passing between JIDs in the same zone. |
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84 Zones are defined at the top of a script with the following syntax (they |
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85 are not part of a rule block): |
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87 %ZONE myzone: host1, host2, user@host3, foo.bar.example |
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89 A host listed in a zone also matches all users on that host (but not |
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90 subdomains). |
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| 92 The following zone-matching conditions are supported: | |
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94 Condition Matches |
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95 ------------ ------------------------------------------ |
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96 `ENTERING` When a stanza is entering the named zone |
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97 `LEAVING` When a stanza is leaving the named zone |
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99 ### Stanza matching |
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101 Condition Matches |
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102 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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103 `KIND` The kind of stanza. May be 'message', 'presence' or 'iq' |
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104 `TYPE` The type of stanza. This varies depending on the kind of stanza. See 'Stanza types' below for more information. |
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105 `PAYLOAD` The stanza contains a child with the given namespace. Useful for determining the type of an iq request, or whether a message contains a certain extension. |
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106 `INSPECT` The node at the specified path exists or matches a given string. This allows you to look anywhere inside a stanza. See below for examples and more. |
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107 |
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108 #### Stanza types |
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110 Stanza Valid types |
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111 ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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112 iq get, set, result, error |
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113 presence *available*, unavailable, probe, subscribe, subscribed, unsubscribe, unsubscribed, error |
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114 message normal, chat, groupchat, headline, error |
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116 **Note:** The type 'available' for presence does not actually appear in |
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117 the protocol. Available presence is signalled by the omission of a type. |
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118 Similarly, a message stanza with no type is equivalent to one of type |
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119 'normal'. mod\_firewall handles these cases for you automatically. |
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121 #### INSPECT |
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123 INSPECT takes a 'path' through the stanza to get a string (an attribute |
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124 value or text content). An example is the best way to explain. Let's |
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125 check that a user is not trying to register an account with the username |
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126 'admin'. This stanza comes from [XEP-0077: In-band |
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127 Registration](http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0077.html#example-4): |
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129 <iq type='set' id='reg2'> |
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130 <query xmlns='jabber:iq:register'> |
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131 <username>bill</username> |
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132 <password>Calliope</password> |
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133 <email>bard@shakespeare.lit</email> |
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134 </query> |
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135 </iq> |
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137 KIND: iq |
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138 TYPE: set |
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139 PAYLOAD: jabber:iq:register |
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140 INSPECT: {jabber:iq:register}query/username#=admin |
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141 BOUNCE=not-allowed The username 'admin' is reserved. |
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142 |
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143 That weird string deserves some explanation. It is a path, divided into |
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144 segments by '/'. Each segment describes an element by its name, |
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145 optionally prefixed by its namespace in curly braces ('{...}'). If the |
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146 path ends with a '\#' then the text content of the last element will be |
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147 returned. If the path ends with '@name' then the value of the attribute |
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148 'name' will be returned. |
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150 INSPECT is somewhat slower than the other stanza matching conditions. To |
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151 minimise performance impact, always place it below other faster |
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152 condition checks where possible (e.g. above we first checked KIND, TYPE |
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153 and PAYLOAD matched before INSPECT). |
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155 ### Sender/recipient matching |
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157 Condition Matches |
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158 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------- |
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159 `FROM` The JID in the 'from' attribute matches the given JID |
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160 `TO` The JID in the 'to' attribute matches the given JID |
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162 These conditions both accept wildcards in the JID when the wildcard |
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163 expression is enclosed in angle brackets ('\<...\>'). For example: |
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164 |
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165 # All users at example.com |
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166 FROM: <*>@example.com |
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168 # The user 'admin' on any subdomain of example.com |
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169 FROM: admin@<*.example.com> |
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170 |
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171 You can also use [Lua's pattern |
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172 matching](http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1) for more |
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173 powerful matching abilities. Patterns are a lightweight |
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174 regular-expression alternative. Simply contain the pattern in double |
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175 angle brackets. The pattern is automatically anchored at the start and |
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176 end (so it must match the entire portion of the JID). |
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178 # Match admin@example.com, and admin1@example.com, etc. |
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179 FROM: <<admin%d*>>@example.com |
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180 |
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181 **Note:** It is important to know that 'example.com' is a valid JID on |
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182 its own, and does **not** match 'user@example.com'. To perform domain |
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183 whitelists or blacklists, use Zones. |
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185 **Note:** Some chains execute before Prosody has performed any |
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186 normalisation or validity checks on the to/from JIDs on an incoming |
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187 stanza. It is not advisable to perform access control or similar rules |
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188 on JIDs in these chains (see the chain documentation for more info). |
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190 ### Time and date |
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192 #### TIME |
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193 |
| 1782 | 194 Matches stanzas sent during certain time periods. |
| 195 | |
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196 Condition Matches |
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197 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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198 TIME When the current server local time is within one of the comma-separated time ranges given |
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200 TIME: 10pm-6am, 14:00-15:00 |
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201 REPLY=Zzzz. |
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202 |
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203 #### DAY |
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204 |
| 1782 | 205 It is also possible to match only on certain days of the week. |
| 206 | |
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207 Condition Matches |
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208 ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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209 DAY When the current day matches one, or falls within a rage, in the given comma-separated list of days |
| 1782 | 210 |
| 211 Example: | |
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212 |
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213 DAY: Sat-Sun, Wednesday |
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214 REPLY=Sorry, I'm out enjoying life! |
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216 ### Rate-limiting |
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217 |
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218 It is possible to selectively rate-limit stanzas, and use rules to |
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219 decide what to do with stanzas when over the limit. |
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221 First, you must define any rate limits that you are going to use in your |
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222 script. Here we create a limiter called 'normal' that will allow 2 |
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223 stanzas per second, and then we define a rule to bounce messages when |
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224 over this limit. Note that the `RATE` definition is not part of a rule |
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225 (multiple rules can share the same limiter). |
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227 %RATE normal: 2 (burst 3) |
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229 KIND: message |
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230 LIMIT: normal |
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231 BOUNCE=policy-violation (Sending too fast!) |
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233 The 'burst' parameter on the rate limit allows you to spread the limit |
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234 check over a given time period. For example the definition shown above |
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235 will allow the limit to be temporarily surpassed, as long as it is |
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236 within the limit after 3 seconds. You will almost always want to specify |
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237 a burst factor. |
| 1782 | 238 |
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239 Both the rate and the burst can be fractional values. For example a rate |
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240 of 0.1 means only one event is allowed every 10 seconds. |
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242 The LIMIT condition actually does two things; first it counts against |
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243 the given limiter, and then it checks to see if the limiter over its |
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244 limit yet. If it is, the condition matches, otherwise it will not. |
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246 Condition Matches |
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247 ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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248 `LIMIT` When the named limit is 'used up'. Using this condition automatically counts against that limit. |
| 1782 | 249 |
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250 **Note:** Reloading mod\_firewall resets the current state of any |
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251 limiters. |
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252 |
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253 Actions |
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254 ------- |
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256 Actions come after all conditions in a rule block. There must be at |
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257 least one action, though conditions are optional. |
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259 An action without parameters ends with a full-stop/period ('.'), and one |
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260 with parameters uses an equals sign ('='): |
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261 |
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262 # An action with no parameters: |
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263 DROP. |
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265 # An action with a parameter: |
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266 REPLY=Hello, this is a reply. |
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268 ### Route modification |
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269 |
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270 The most common actions modify the stanza's route in some way. Currently |
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271 the first matching rule to do so will halt further processing of actions |
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272 and rules (this may change in the future). |
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274 Action Description |
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275 ----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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276 `PASS.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and let it through this chain. |
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277 `DROP.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and discard it. |
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278 `REDIRECT=jid` Redirect the stanza to the given JID. |
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279 `REPLY=text` Reply to the stanza (assumed to be a message) with the given text. |
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280 `BOUNCE.` Bounce the stanza with the default error (usually service-unavailable) |
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281 `BOUNCE=error` Bounce the stanza with the given error (MUST be a defined XMPP stanza error, see [RFC6120](http://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6120.html#stanzas-error-conditions). |
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282 `BOUNCE=error (text)` As above, but include the supplied human-readable text with a description of the error |
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283 `COPY=jid` Make a copy of the stanza and send the copy to the specified JID. |
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284 |
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285 ### Stanza modification |
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287 These actions make it possible to modify the content and structure of a |
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288 stanza. |
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290 Action Description |
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291 ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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292 `STRIP=name` Remove any child elements with the given name in the default namespace |
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293 `STRIP=name namespace` Remove any child elements with the given name and the given namespace |
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294 `INJECT=xml` Inject the given XML into the stanza as a child element |
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296 ### Informational |
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297 |
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298 Action Description |
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299 --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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300 `LOG=message` Logs the given message to Prosody's log file. Optionally prefix it with a log level in square brackets, e.g. `[debug]` |