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annotate mod_http_upload_external/README.markdown @ 5581:df483d9056f5

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author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Wed, 28 Jun 2023 21:47:22 +0200
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1 ---
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2 description: HTTP File Upload (external service)
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3 labels: 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 ---
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5
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6 Introduction
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7 ============
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8
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9 This module implements [XEP-0363], which lets clients upload files
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10 over HTTP to an external web server.
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11
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12 This module generates URLs that are signed using a HMAC. Any web service that can authenticate
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13 these URLs can be used.
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14
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15 Implementations
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16 ---------------
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17
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18 * [PHP implementation](https://hg.prosody.im/prosody-modules/raw-file/tip/mod_http_upload_external/share.php)
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19 * [Python3+Flask implementation](https://github.com/horazont/xmpp-http-upload)
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20 * [Go implementation, Prosody Filer](https://github.com/ThomasLeister/prosody-filer)
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21 * [Perl implementation for nginx](https://github.com/weiss/ngx_http_upload)
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22
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23 To implement your own service compatible with this module, check out the implementation notes below
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24 (and if you publish your implementation - let us know!).
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26 Configuration
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27 =============
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28
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29 The module can be added as a new Component definition:
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30
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31 ``` {.lua}
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32 Component "upload.example.org" "http_upload_external"
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33 http_upload_external_base_url = "https://your.example.com/upload/service"
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34 http_upload_external_secret = "your shared secret"
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35 ```
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36
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37 It should **not** be added to modules_enabled.
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38
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40 External URL
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41 ------------
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42
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43 You need to provide the path to the external service. Ensure it ends with '/'.
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45 For example, to use the PHP implementation linked above, you might set it to:
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47 ``` {.lua}
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48 http_upload_external_base_url = "https://your.example.com/path/to/share.php/"
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49 ```
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50
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51 Secret
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52 ------
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53
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54 Set a long and unpredictable string as your secret. This is so the upload service can verify that
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55 the upload comes from mod_http_upload_external, and random strangers can't upload to your server.
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56
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57 ``` {.lua}
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58 http_upload_external_secret = "this is a secret string!"
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59 ```
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60
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61 You need to set exactly the same secret string in your external service.
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62
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63 Limits
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64 ------
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65
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66 A maximum file size can be set by:
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67
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68 ``` {.lua}
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69 http_upload_external_file_size_limit = 123 -- bytes
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70 ```
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71
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72 Default is 100MB (100\*1024\*1024).
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73
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74 Access
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75 ------
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76
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77 You may want to give upload access to additional entities such as components
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78 by using the `http_upload_access` config option.
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79
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80 ``` {.lua}
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81 http_upload_access = {"gateway.example.com"};
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82 ```
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83
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84 Compatibility
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85 =============
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86
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87 Works with Prosody 0.9.x and later.
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88
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89 Implementation
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90 ==============
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91
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92 To implement your own external service that is compatible with this module, you need to expose a
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93 simple API that allows the HTTP GET, HEAD and PUT methods on arbitrary URLs located on your service.
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94
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95 For example, if http_upload_external_base_url is set to `https://example.com/upload/` then your service
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96 might receive the following requests:
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97
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98 Upload a new file:
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99
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100 ```
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101 PUT https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg?v=49e9309ff543ace93d25be90635ba8e9965c4f23fc885b2d86c947a5d59e55b2
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102 ```
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103
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104 Recipient checks the file size and other headers:
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105
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106 ```
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107 HEAD https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg
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108 ```
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109
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110 Recipient downloads the file:
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111
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112 ```
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113 GET https://example.com/upload/foo/bar.jpg
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114 ```
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115
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116 The only tricky logic is in validation of the PUT request. Firstly, don't overwrite existing files (return 409 Conflict).
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117
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118 Then you need to validate the auth token.
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119
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120 ### Validating the auth token
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121
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122
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123 | Version | Supports |
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124 |:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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125 | v | Validates only filename and size. Does not support file type restrictions by the XMPP server. |
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126 | v2 | Validates the filename, size and MIME type. This allows the server to implement MIME type restrictions. |
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127
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128 It is probable that a future v3 will be specified that allows carrying information about the uploader identity, allowing
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129 the implementation of per-user quotas and limits.
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130
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131 Implementations may implement one or more versions of the protocol simultaneously. The XMPP server generates the URLs and
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132 ultimately selects which version will be used.
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133
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134 XMPP servers MUST only generate URLs with **one** of the versions listed here. However in case multiple parameters are
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135 present, upload services MUST **only** use the token from the highest parameter version that they support.
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136
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137 #### Version 1 (v)
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138
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139 The token will be in the URL query parameter 'v'. If it is absent, fail with 403 Forbidden.
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141 Calculate the expected auth token by reading the value of the Content-Length header of the PUT request. E.g. for a 1MB file
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142 will have a Content-Length of '1048576'. Append this to the uploaded file name, separated by a space (0x20) character.
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143
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144 For the above example, you would end up with the following string: "foo/bar.jpg 1048576"
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145
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146 The auth token is a SHA256 HMAC of this string, using the configured secret as the key. E.g.
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147
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148 ```
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149 calculated_auth_token = hmac_sha256("foo/bar.jpg 1048576", "secret string")
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150 ```
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151
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152 If this is not equal to the 'v' parameter provided in the upload URL, reject the upload with 403 Forbidden.
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153
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154 **Security note:** When comparing `calculated_auth_token` with the token provided in the URL, you must use a constant-time string
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155 comparison, otherwise an attacker may be able to discover your secret key. Most languages/environments provide such a function, such
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156 as `hash_equals()` in PHP, `hmac.compare_digest()` in Python, or `ConstantTimeCompare()` from `crypto/subtle` in Go.
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157
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158 #### Version 2 (v2)
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159
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160 The token will be in the URL query parameter 'v2'. If it is absent, fail with 403 Forbidden.
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161
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162 | Input | Example |Read from |
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163 |:----------------|:------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------|
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164 |`file_path` | foo/bar.jpg | The URL of the PUT request, with the service's base prefix removed. |
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165 |`content_length` | 1048576 | Content-Length header |
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166 |`content_type` | image/jpeg | Content-Type header |
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167
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168 The parameters should be joined into a single string, separated by NUL bytes (`\0`):
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169
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170 ```
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171 signed_string = ( file_path + '\0' + content_length + '\0' + content_type )
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172 ```
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173
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174 ```
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175 signed_string = "foo/bar.jpg\01048576\0image/jpeg"
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176 ```
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177
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178 The expected auth token is the SHA256 HMAC of this string, using the configured secret key as the key. E.g.:
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179
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180 ```
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181 calculated_auth_token = hmac_sha256(signed_string, "secret string")
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182 ```
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183
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184 If this is not equal to the 'v2' parameter provided in the upload URL, reject the upload with 403 Forbidden.
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185
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186 **Security note:** When comparing `calculated_auth_token` with the token provided in the URL, you must use a constant-time string
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187 comparison, otherwise an attacker may be able to discover your secret key. Most languages/environments provide such a function, such
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188 as `hash_equals()` in PHP, `hmac.compare_digest()` in Python, or `ConstantTimeCompare()` from `crypto/subtle` in Go.
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189
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190 ### Security considerations
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191
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192 #### HTTPS
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193
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194 All uploads and downloads should only be over HTTPS. The security of the served content is protected only
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195 by the uniqueness present in the URLs themselves, and not using HTTPS may leak the URLs and contents to third-parties.
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196
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197 Implementations should consider including HSTS and HPKP headers, with consent of the administrator.
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198
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199 #### MIME types
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200
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201 If the upload Content-Type header matches any of the following MIME types, it MUST be preserved and included in the Content-Type
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202 of any GET requests made to download the file:
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203
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204 - `image/*`
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205 - `video/*`
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206 - `audio/*`
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207 - `text/plain`
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208
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209 It is recommended that other MIME types are preserved, but served with the addition of the following header:
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210
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211 ```
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212 Content-Disposition: attachment
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213 ```
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214
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215 This prevents the browser interpreting scripts and other resources that may potentially be malicious.
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216
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217 Some browsers may also benefit from explicitly telling them not to try guessing the type of a file:
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218
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219 ```
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220 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
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221 ```
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222
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223 #### Security headers
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224
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225 The following headers should be included to provide additional sandboxing of resources, considering the uploaded
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226 content is not understood or trusted by the upload service:
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227
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228 ```
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229 Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
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230 X-Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
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231 X-WebKit-CSP: default-src 'none'
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232 ```