Mercurial > prosody-modules
annotate mod_firewall/README.markdown @ 5523:a0a4413e55b8
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| author | Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se> |
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| date | Wed, 07 Jun 2023 12:26:27 +0200 |
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1 --- |
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2 labels: |
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha' |
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4 summary: 'A rule-based stanza filtering module' |
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5 rockspec: |
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6 build: |
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7 modules: |
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8 mod_firewall.actions: actions.lib.lua |
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9 mod_firewall.conditions: conditions.lib.lua |
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10 mod_firewall.definitions: definitions.lib.lua |
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11 mod_firewall.marks: marks.lib.lua |
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12 mod_firewall.test: test.lib.lua |
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13 copy_directories: |
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14 - scripts |
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15 --- |
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16 |
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17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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19 **Note:** mod\_firewall is in its very early stages. This documentation |
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20 is liable to change, and some described functionality may be missing, |
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21 incomplete or contain bugs. |
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23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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25 Introduction |
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26 ============ |
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28 A firewall is an invaluable tool in the sysadmin's toolbox. However |
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29 while low-level firewalls such as iptables and pf are incredibly good at |
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30 what they do, they are generally not able to handle application-layer |
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31 rules. |
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33 The goal of mod\_firewall is to provide similar services at the XMPP |
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34 layer. Based on rule scripts it can efficiently block, bounce, drop, |
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35 forward, copy, redirect stanzas and more! Furthermore all rules can be |
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36 applied and updated dynamically at runtime without restarting the |
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37 server. |
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39 Details |
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40 ======= |
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42 mod\_firewall loads one or more scripts, and compiles these to Lua code |
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43 that reacts to stanzas flowing through Prosody. The firewall script |
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44 syntax is unusual, but straightforward. |
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46 A firewall script is dominated by rules. Each rule has two parts: |
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47 conditions, and actions. When a stanza matches all of the conditions, |
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48 all of the actions are executed in order. |
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| 50 Here is a simple example to block stanzas from spammer@example.com: | |
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52 FROM: spammer@example.com |
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53 DROP. |
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55 FROM is a condition, and DROP is an action. This is about as simple as |
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56 it gets. How about heading to the other extreme? Let's demonstrate |
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57 something more complex that mod\_firewall can do for you: |
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59 %ZONE myorganisation: staff.myorg.example, support.myorg.example |
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61 ENTERING: myorganisation |
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62 KIND: message |
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63 TIME: 12am-9am, 5pm-12am, Saturday, Sunday |
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64 REPLY=Sorry, I am afraid our office is closed at the moment. If you need assistance, please call our 24-hour support line on 123-456-789. |
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66 This rule will reply with a short message whenever someone tries to send |
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67 a message to someone at any of the hosts defined in the 'myorganisation' |
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68 outside of office hours. |
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70 Specifying rule sets |
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71 -------------------- |
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72 |
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73 Firewall rules should be written into text files, e.g. `ruleset.pfw` file. |
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74 One or more rule files can be specified in the configuration using: |
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75 |
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76 firewall_scripts = { "path/to/ruleset.pfw", "path/to/ruleset2.pfw" } |
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77 |
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78 If multiple files are specified and they both add rules to the same [chains](#chains), |
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79 each file's rules will be processed in order, but the order of files is undefined. |
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81 Reloading Prosody's configuration also reloads firewall rules. |
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82 |
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83 Make sure that `firewall_scripts` is in the global section of the configuration file |
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84 and not below a virtual host or a component - unless you want per-vhost |
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85 firewall rules. |
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86 |
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87 Conditions |
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88 ---------- |
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89 |
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90 All conditions must come before any action in a rule block. The |
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91 condition name is followed by a colon (':'), and the value to test for. |
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93 A condition can be preceded or followed by `NOT` to negate its match. |
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94 For example: |
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96 NOT FROM: user@example.com |
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97 KIND NOT: message |
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99 Some conditions do not take parameters, and these should end with just a |
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100 question mark, like: |
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101 |
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102 IN ROSTER? |
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103 |
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104 ### Zones |
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106 A 'zone' is one or more hosts or JIDs. It is possible to match when a |
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107 stanza is entering or leaving a zone, while at the same time not |
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108 matching traffic passing between JIDs in the same zone. |
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110 Zones are defined at the top of a script with the following syntax (they |
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111 are not part of a rule block): |
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113 %ZONE myzone: host1, host2, user@host3, foo.bar.example |
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115 There is an automatic zone named `$local`, which automatically includes |
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116 all of the current server's active hosts (including components). It can |
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117 be used to match stanzas entering or leaving the current server. |
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118 |
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119 A host listed in a zone also matches all users on that host (but not |
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120 subdomains). |
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| 122 The following zone-matching conditions are supported: | |
| 123 | |
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124 Condition Matches |
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125 ------------ ------------------------------------------ |
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126 `ENTERING` When a stanza is entering the named zone |
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127 `LEAVING` When a stanza is leaving the named zone |
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129 ### Lists |
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130 |
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131 It is possible to create or load lists of strings for use in scripts. For |
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132 example, you might load a list of blocked JIDs, malware URLs or simple words |
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133 that you want to filter messages on. |
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134 |
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135 List type Example |
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136 ----------- ----------------------- |
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137 memory %LIST spammers: memory |
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138 file %LIST spammers: file:/etc/spammers.txt |
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139 http %LIST spammers: http://example.com/spammers.txt |
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140 |
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141 #### List types |
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142 ##### memory |
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143 |
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144 ``` |
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145 %LIST name: memory (limit: number) |
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146 ``` |
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147 |
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148 A memory-only list, with an optional limit. Supports addition and removal of items by scripts. |
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149 |
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150 If a limit is provided, the oldest item will be discarded to make room for a new item if the |
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151 list is full. The limit is useful to prevent infinite memory growth on busy servers. |
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152 |
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153 ##### file |
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154 |
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155 ``` |
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156 %LIST name: file:/path/to/file (missing: string) |
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157 ``` |
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158 |
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159 Reads a list from a file. The list can be added to and removed from by scripts, but |
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160 these changes do not persist between restarts. |
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161 |
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162 If the file is missing, an error will be raised. The optional 'missing' parameter can be set |
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163 to 'ignore' (e.g. `(missing: ignore)`) to ignore a missing file. |
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164 |
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165 ##### http |
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166 |
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167 ``` |
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168 %LIST name: http://example.com/ (ttl: number, pattern: pat, hash: sha1, checkcerts: when-sni) |
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169 ``` |
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170 |
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171 Fetches a list from a HTTP or HTTPS URL. The following options are accepted: |
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172 |
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173 Option Description |
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174 ------- ----------- |
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175 ttl Seconds to cache the list for. After expiry, it will be refetched. Default 3600 (1 hour). |
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176 pattern Optional pattern used to extract list entries from the response. Default is to treat each line as a single item. |
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177 hash Optional hash to be applied to items before looking them up in the list, e.g. sha1 or sha256. |
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178 checkcert Whether to verify HTTPS certificates. May be "always", "never" or "when-sni". Default "when-sni". |
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179 |
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180 The "when-sni" default disables certificate verification when Prosody's HTTP client API doesn't support SNI, |
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181 as in Prosody 0.11.6 and earlier. |
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182 |
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183 #### CHECK LIST |
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184 |
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185 Checks whether a simple [expression](#expressions) is found in a given list. |
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186 |
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187 Example: |
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188 |
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189 %LIST blocked_jids: file:/etc/prosody/blocked_jids.txt |
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190 |
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191 # Rule to block presence subscription requests from blocked JIDs |
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192 KIND: presence |
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193 TYPE: subscribe |
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194 CHECK LIST: blocked_jids contains $<@from> |
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195 BOUNCE=policy-violation (Your JID is blocked) |
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196 |
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197 #### SCAN |
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198 |
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199 SCAN allows you to search inside a stanza for a given pattern, and check each result against a list. For example, |
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200 you could scan a message body for words and check if any of the words are found in a given list. |
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201 |
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202 Before using SCAN, you need to define a search location and a pattern. The search location uses the same 'path' |
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203 format as documented under the 'INSPECT' condition. Patterns can be any valid Lua pattern. |
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204 |
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205 To use the above example: |
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206 |
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207 # Define a search location called 'body' which fetches the text of the 'body' element |
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208 %SEARCH body: body# |
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209 # Define a pattern called 'word' which matches any sequence of letters |
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210 %PATTERN word: [A-Za-z]+ |
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211 # Finally, we also need our list of "bad" words: |
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212 %LIST badwords: file:/etc/prosody/bad_words.txt |
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213 |
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214 # Now we can use these to SCAN incoming stanzas |
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215 # If it finds a match, bounce the stanza |
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216 SCAN: body for word in badwords |
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217 BOUNCE=policy-violation (This word is not allowed!) |
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218 |
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219 #### COUNT |
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220 |
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221 COUNT is similar to SCAN, in that it uses a defined SEARCH and breaks it up according to a PATTERN. Then it |
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222 counts the number of results. |
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223 |
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224 For example, to block every message with more than one URL: |
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225 |
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226 # Define a search location called 'body' which fetches the text of the 'body' element |
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227 %SEARCH body: body# |
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228 # Define a pattern called 'url' which matches HTTP links |
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229 %PATTERN url: https?://%S+ |
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230 |
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231 COUNT: url in body > 1 |
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232 BOUNCE=policy-violation (Up to one HTTP URL is allowed in messages) |
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233 |
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234 ### Stanza matching |
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236 Condition Matches |
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237 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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238 `KIND` The kind of stanza. May be 'message', 'presence' or 'iq' |
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239 `TYPE` The type of stanza. This varies depending on the kind of stanza. See 'Stanza types' below for more information. |
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240 `PAYLOAD` The stanza contains a child with the given namespace. Useful for determining the type of an iq request, or whether a message contains a certain extension. |
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241 `INSPECT` The node at the specified path exists or matches a given string. This allows you to look anywhere inside a stanza. See below for examples and more. |
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242 |
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243 #### Stanza types |
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245 Stanza Valid types |
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246 ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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247 iq get, set, result, error |
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248 presence *available*, unavailable, probe, subscribe, subscribed, unsubscribe, unsubscribed, error |
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249 message normal, chat, groupchat, headline, error |
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251 **Note:** The type 'available' for presence does not actually appear in |
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252 the protocol. Available presence is signalled by the omission of a type. |
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253 Similarly, a message stanza with no type is equivalent to one of type |
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254 'normal'. mod\_firewall handles these cases for you automatically. |
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256 ### Sender/recipient matching |
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258 Condition Matches |
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259 ------------- ------------------------------------------------------- |
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260 `FROM` The JID in the 'from' attribute matches the given JID. |
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261 `TO` The JID in the 'to' attribute matches the given JID. |
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262 `TO SELF` The stanza is sent by any of a user's resources to their own bare JID. |
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263 `TO FULL JID` The stanza is addressed to a valid full JID on the local server (full JIDs include a resource at the end, and only exist for the lifetime of a single session, therefore the recipient must be online, or this check will not match). |
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265 The TO and FROM conditions both accept wildcards in the JID when it is |
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266 enclosed in angle brackets ('\<...\>'). For example: |
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267 |
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268 # All users at example.com |
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269 FROM: <*>@example.com |
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271 # The user 'admin' on any subdomain of example.com |
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272 FROM: admin@<*.example.com> |
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273 |
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274 You can also use [Lua's pattern |
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275 matching](http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1) for more |
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276 powerful matching abilities. Patterns are a lightweight |
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277 regular-expression alternative. Simply contain the pattern in double |
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278 angle brackets. The pattern is automatically anchored at the start and |
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279 end (so it must match the entire portion of the JID). |
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281 # Match admin@example.com, and admin1@example.com, etc. |
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282 FROM: <<admin%d*>>@example.com |
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283 |
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284 **Note:** It is important to know that 'example.com' is a valid JID on |
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285 its own, and does **not** match 'user@example.com'. To efficiently match |
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286 domains we recommend defining them as [Zones](#zones). |
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| 289 ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| 290 `FROM_EXACTLY` The JID in the 'from' attribute exactly matches the given JID | |
| 291 `TO_EXACTLY` The JID in the 'to' attribute exactly matches the given JID | |
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292 |
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293 These additional conditions do not support pattern matching, but are |
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294 useful to match the exact to/from address on a stanza. For example, if |
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295 no resource is specified then only bare JIDs will be matched. TO and FROM |
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296 match all resources if no resource is specified to match. |
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297 |
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298 **Note:** Some chains execute before Prosody has performed any |
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299 normalisation or validity checks on the to/from JIDs on an incoming |
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300 stanza. It is not advisable to perform access control or similar rules |
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301 on JIDs in these chains (see the [chain documentation](#chains) for more info). |
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303 #### INSPECT |
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304 |
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305 INSPECT takes a 'path' through the stanza to get a string (an attribute |
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306 value or text content). An example is the best way to explain. Let's |
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307 check that a user is not trying to register an account with the username |
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308 'admin'. This stanza comes from [XEP-0077: In-band |
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309 Registration](http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0077.html#example-4): |
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310 |
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311 ``` xml |
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312 <iq type='set' id='reg2'> |
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313 <query xmlns='jabber:iq:register'> |
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314 <username>bill</username> |
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315 <password>Calliope</password> |
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316 <email>bard@shakespeare.lit</email> |
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317 </query> |
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318 </iq> |
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319 ``` |
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320 |
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321 KIND: iq |
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322 TYPE: set |
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323 PAYLOAD: jabber:iq:register |
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324 INSPECT: {jabber:iq:register}query/username#=admin |
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325 BOUNCE=not-allowed (The username 'admin' is reserved.) |
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326 |
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327 That weird string deserves some explanation. It is a path, divided into |
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328 segments by '/'. Each segment describes an element by its name, |
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329 optionally prefixed by its namespace in curly braces ('{...}'). If the |
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330 path ends with a '\#' then the text content of the last element will be |
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331 returned. If the path ends with '@name' then the value of the attribute |
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332 'name' will be returned. |
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333 |
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334 You can use INSPECT to test for the existence of an element or attribute, |
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335 or you can check if it matches a specific value, e.g. by appending `=VALUE` |
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336 (like in the example above, that checks if the content of username is 'admin'). |
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337 |
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338 #### INSPECT comparison operators |
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339 |
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340 As well as checking for an exact string match, there are some other modifiers |
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341 you can apply to the comparison: |
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342 |
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343 Comparison Matches when |
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344 ------------- ------------------------------------------------------- |
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345 `=` The value is exactly the given string. |
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346 `/=` The value is or *contains* the given string (e.g. `/=admin` would match `administrator` or `myadmin`). |
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347 `~=` The value matches the given [Lua pattern](https://www.lua.org/manual/5.2/manual.html#6.4.1). |
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348 |
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349 Finally, if the comparison operator is preceded by a `$` character, [expressions](#expressions) |
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350 will be interpreted in the string following the comparison operator. |
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351 |
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352 e.g. `INSPECT: {jabber:iq:register}query/username}$/=$(session.host)` would match |
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353 if the username of an account registration contained the session's current hostname |
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354 somewhere in it. |
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355 |
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356 #### INSPECT performance |
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357 |
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358 INSPECT can be somewhat slower than the other stanza matching conditions. To |
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359 minimise performance impact, always place it below other faster |
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360 condition checks where possible (e.g. in the example above we first checked KIND, |
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361 TYPE and PAYLOAD matched what we wanted before reaching the INSPECT rule). |
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362 |
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363 ### Roster |
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364 |
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365 These conditions access the roster of the recipient (only). Therefore they cannot (currently) |
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366 be used in some [chains](#chains), such as for outgoing messages (the recipient may be on another server). |
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367 |
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368 Performance note: these checks can potentially cause storage access (especially if the recipient |
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369 is currently offline), so you may want to limit their use in high-traffic situations, and place rules |
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370 containing a roster check below other rules (such as a rate limiter). The storage access is |
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371 performed unconditionally just before evaluation of the first rule that contains a roster-based |
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372 condition, even if earlier conditions in that rule do not match. |
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373 |
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374 #### IN ROSTER |
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375 |
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376 Tests whether the sender is in the recipient's roster. |
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377 |
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378 IN ROSTER? |
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379 |
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380 #### IN ROSTER GROUP |
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381 |
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382 Tests whether the sender is in the recipient's roster, and in the named group. |
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383 |
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384 IN ROSTER GROUP: Friends |
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385 |
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386 #### SUBSCRIBED |
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387 |
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388 Tests whether the recipient is subscribed to the sender, ie will receive |
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389 presence updates from them. |
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390 |
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391 Note that this *does* work, regardless of direction and which [chain](#chain) is |
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392 used, since both the sender and the recipient will have mirrored roster |
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393 entries. |
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394 |
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395 ### Groups |
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396 |
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397 Using Prosody's mod\_groups it is possible to define groups of users on the server. You can |
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398 match based on these groups in firewall rules. |
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399 |
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400 Condition Matches |
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401 ----------------- ---------------------------- |
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402 `FROM GROUP` When the stanza is being sent from a member of the named group |
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403 `TO GROUP` When the stanza is being sent to a member of the named group |
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404 `CROSSING GROUPS` When the stanza is being sent between users of different named groups |
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405 |
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406 #### CROSSING GROUPS |
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407 |
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408 The `CROSSING GROUPS` condition takes a comma-separated list of groups to check. If the |
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409 sender and recipient are not in the same group (only the listed groups are checked), then the |
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410 this condition matches and the stanza is deemed to be crossing between groups. |
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411 |
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412 For example, if you had three groups: Engineering, Marketing and Employees. All users are |
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413 members of the 'Employees' group, and the others are for employees of the named department only. |
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414 |
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415 To prevent employees in the marketing department from communicating with engineers, you could use |
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416 the following rule: |
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417 |
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418 ``` |
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419 CROSSING GROUPS: Marketing, Engineering |
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420 BOUNCE=policy-violation (no communication between these groups is allowed!) |
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421 ``` |
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422 |
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423 This works, even though both the users are in the 'Employees' group, because that group is not listed |
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424 in the condition. |
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425 |
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426 In the above example, a user who is member of both groups is not restricted. |
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427 |
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428 #### SENT DIRECTED PRESENCE TO SENDER |
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429 |
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430 This condition matches if the recipient of a stanza has previously sent directed presence to the sender of the stanza. This |
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431 is often done in XMPP to exchange presence information with JIDs that are not on your roster, such as MUC rooms. |
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432 |
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433 This condition does not take a parameter - end the condition name with a question mark: |
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434 |
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435 # Rule to bounce messages from senders not in the roster who haven't been sent directed presence |
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436 NOT IN ROSTER? |
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437 NOT SENT DIRECTED PRESENCE TO SENDER? |
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438 BOUNCE=service-unavailable |
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439 |
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440 ### Permissions |
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441 |
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442 Rules can consult Prosody's internal role and permissions system to check whether a certain action may |
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443 be performed. The acting entity, their role, and appropriate context is automatically inferred. All you |
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444 need to do is provide the identifier of the permission that should be checked. |
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445 |
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446 Condition Description |
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447 ----------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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448 `MAY=permission` Checks whether 'permission' is allowed in the current context. |
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449 |
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450 As with all other conditions, `MAY` can be combined with `NOT` to negate the result of the check. |
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451 |
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452 Example, blocking outgoing stanzas from users with roles that do not allow the 'xmpp:federate' permission: |
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453 |
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454 ``` |
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455 ::deliver_remote |
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456 MAY NOT: xmpp:federate |
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457 BOUNCE=policy-violation (You are not allowed access to the federation) |
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458 ``` |
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459 |
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460 ### Roles |
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461 |
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462 Condition Matches |
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463 ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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464 `TO ROLE` When the recipient JID of the stanza has the named role |
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465 `FROM ROLE` When the sender JID of the stanza has the named role |
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466 |
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467 **Note:** In most cases, you should avoid checking for specific roles, and instead check for |
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468 permissions granted by those roles (using the 'MAY' condition). |
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469 |
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470 ### Admins |
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471 |
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472 **Deprecated:** These conditions should no longer be used. Prefer 'MAY', 'TO ROLE' or 'FROM ROLE'. |
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473 |
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474 Prosody allows certain JIDs to be declared as administrators of a host, component or the whole server. |
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475 |
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476 Condition Matches |
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477 ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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478 `TO ADMIN` When the recipient of the stanza is admin of the current host |
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479 `FROM ADMIN` When the sender of the stanza is admin of the current host |
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480 `FROM ADMIN OF` When the sender of the stanza is an admin of the named host on the current server |
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481 `TO ADMIN OF` When the recipient of the stanza is an admin of the named host on the current server |
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482 |
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483 ### Time and date |
| 1782 | 484 |
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485 #### TIME |
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486 |
| 1782 | 487 Matches stanzas sent during certain time periods. |
| 488 | |
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489 Condition Matches |
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490 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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491 TIME When the current server local time is within one of the comma-separated time ranges given |
| 1782 | 492 |
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493 TIME: 10pm-6am, 14:00-15:00 |
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494 REPLY=Zzzz. |
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495 |
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496 #### DAY |
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497 |
| 1782 | 498 It is also possible to match only on certain days of the week. |
| 499 | |
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500 Condition Matches |
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501 ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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502 DAY When the current day matches one, or falls within a rage, in the given comma-separated list of days |
| 1782 | 503 |
| 504 Example: | |
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505 |
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506 DAY: Sat-Sun, Wednesday |
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507 REPLY=Sorry, I'm out enjoying life! |
| 1782 | 508 |
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509 All times and dates are handled in the server's local time. |
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510 |
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511 ### Rate-limiting |
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512 |
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513 It is possible to selectively rate-limit stanzas, and use rules to |
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514 decide what to do with stanzas when over the limit. |
| 1782 | 515 |
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516 First, you must define any rate limits that you are going to use in your |
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517 script. Here we create a limiter called 'normal' that will allow 2 |
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518 stanzas per second, and then we define a rule to bounce messages when |
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519 over this limit. Note that the `RATE` definition is not part of a rule |
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520 (multiple rules can share the same limiter). |
| 1782 | 521 |
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522 %RATE normal: 2 (burst 3) |
| 1782 | 523 |
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524 KIND: message |
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525 LIMIT: normal |
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526 BOUNCE=policy-violation (Sending too fast!) |
| 1782 | 527 |
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528 The 'burst' parameter on the rate limit allows you to spread the limit |
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529 check over a given time period. For example the definition shown above |
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530 will allow the limit to be temporarily surpassed, as long as it is |
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531 within the limit after 3 seconds. You will almost always want to specify |
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532 a burst factor. |
| 1782 | 533 |
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534 Both the rate and the burst can be fractional values. For example a rate |
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535 of 0.1 means only one event is allowed every 10 seconds. |
| 1782 | 536 |
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537 The LIMIT condition actually does two things; first it counts against |
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538 the given limiter, and then it checks to see if the limiter over its |
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539 limit yet. If it is, the condition matches, otherwise it will not. |
| 1782 | 540 |
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541 Condition Matches |
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542 ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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543 `LIMIT` When the named limit is 'used up'. Using this condition automatically counts against that limit. |
| 1782 | 544 |
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545 **Note:** Reloading mod\_firewall resets the current state of any |
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546 limiters. |
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547 |
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548 #### Dynamic limits |
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549 |
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550 Sometimes you may want to have multiple throttles in a single condition, using some property of the session or stanza |
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551 to determine which throttle to use. For example, you might have a limit for incoming stanzas, but you want to limit by |
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552 sending JID, instead of all incoming stanzas sharing the same limit. |
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553 |
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554 You can use the 'on' keyword for this, like so: |
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555 |
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556 LIMIT: normal on EXPRESSION |
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557 |
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558 For more information on [expressions](#expressions), see the section later in this document. |
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559 |
|
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560 Each value of 'EXPRESSION' has to be tracked individually in a table, which uses a small amount of memory. To prevent |
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561 memory exhaustion, the number of tracked values is limited to 1000 by default. You can override this by setting the |
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562 maximum number of table entries when you define the rate: |
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563 |
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564 %RATE normal: 2 (burst 3) (entries 4096) |
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565 |
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566 Old values are automatically removed from the tracking table. However if the tracking table becomes full, new entries |
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567 will be rejected - it will behave as if the rate limit was reached, even for values that have not been seen before. Since |
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568 this opens up a potential denial of service (innocent users may be affected if malicious users can fill up the tracking |
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569 table within the limit period). You can choose to instead "fail open", and allow the rate limit to be temporarily bypassed |
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570 when the table is full. To choose this behaviour, add `(allow overflow)` to the RATE definition. |
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571 |
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572 ### Session marking |
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573 |
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574 It is possible to 'mark' sessions (see the MARK_ORIGIN action below). To match stanzas from marked sessions, use the |
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575 `ORIGIN_MARKED` condition. |
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576 |
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577 Condition Description |
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578 ------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- |
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579 ORIGIN MARKED: markname Matches if the origin has been marked with 'markname'. |
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580 ORIGIN MARKED: markname (Xs) Matches if the origin has been marked with 'markname' within the past X seconds. |
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581 |
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582 Example usage: |
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583 |
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584 # This rule drops messages from sessions that have been marked as spammers in the past hour |
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585 ORIGIN MARKED: spammer (3600s) |
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586 DROP. |
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587 |
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588 # This rule marks the origin session as a spammer if they send a message to a honeypot JID |
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589 KIND: message |
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590 TO: honeypot@example.com |
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591 MARK ORIGIN=spammer |
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592 |
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593 Actions |
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594 ------- |
| 1782 | 595 |
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596 Actions come after all conditions in a rule block. There must be at |
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597 least one action, though conditions are optional. |
| 1782 | 598 |
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599 An action without parameters ends with a full-stop/period ('.'), and one |
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600 with parameters uses an equals sign ('='): |
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601 |
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602 # An action with no parameters: |
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603 DROP. |
| 1782 | 604 |
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605 # An action with a parameter: |
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606 REPLY=Hello, this is a reply. |
| 1782 | 607 |
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608 ### Route modification |
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609 |
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610 The following common actions modify the stanza's route in some way. These |
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611 rules will halt further processing of the stanza - no further actions will be |
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612 executed, and no further rules will be checked. |
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614 Action Description |
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615 ----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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616 `PASS.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and let it through this chain and any calling chains. |
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617 `DROP.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and discard it. |
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618 `DEFAULT.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, prevent any other scripts/modules from handling it, to trigger the appropriate default "unhandled stanza" behaviour. Do not use in custom chains (it is treated as PASS). |
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619 `REDIRECT=jid` Redirect the stanza to the given JID. |
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620 `BOUNCE.` Bounce the stanza with the default error (usually service-unavailable) |
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621 `BOUNCE=error` Bounce the stanza with the given error (MUST be a defined XMPP stanza error, see [RFC6120](http://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6120.html#stanzas-error-conditions). |
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622 `BOUNCE=error (text)` As above, but include the supplied human-readable text with a description of the error |
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623 |
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624 **Note:** It is incorrect behaviour to reply to an 'error' stanza with another error, so BOUNCE will simply act the same as 'DROP' for stanzas that should not be bounced (error stanzas and iq results). |
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625 |
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626 ### Replying and forwarding |
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627 |
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628 These actions cause a new stanza to be generated and sent somewhere. |
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629 Processing of the original stanza will continue beyond these actions. |
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630 |
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631 Action Description |
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632 ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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633 `REPLY=text` Reply to the stanza (assumed to be a message) with the given text. |
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634 `COPY=jid` Make a copy of the stanza and send the copy to the specified JID. The copied stanza flows through Prosody's routing code, and as such is affected by firewall rules. Be careful to avoid loops. |
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635 `FORWARD=jid` Forward a copy of the stanza to the given JID (using XEP-0297). The stanza will be sent from the current host's JID. |
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636 |
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637 ### Reporting |
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638 |
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639 Action Description |
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640 ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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641 `REPORT=jid reason text` Forwards the full stanza to `jid` with a XEP-0377 abuse report attached. |
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642 |
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643 Only the `jid` is mandatory. The `reason` parameter should be either `abuse`, `spam` or a custom URI. If not specified, it defaults to `abuse`. |
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644 After the reason, some human-readable text may be included to explain the report. |
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645 |
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646 Example: |
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647 |
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648 ``` |
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649 KIND: message |
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650 TO: honeypot@example.com |
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651 REPORT TO=antispam.example.com spam Caught by the honeypot! |
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652 DROP. |
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653 ``` |
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654 |
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655 ### Stanza modification |
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657 These actions make it possible to modify the content and structure of a |
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658 stanza. |
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660 Action Description |
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661 ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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662 `STRIP=name` Remove any child elements with the given name in the default namespace |
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663 `STRIP=name namespace` Remove any child elements with the given name and the given namespace |
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664 `INJECT=xml` Inject the given XML into the stanza as a child element |
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666 ### Sessions |
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667 |
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668 It is possible to mark sessions, and then use these marks to match rules later on. |
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669 |
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670 Action Description |
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671 ------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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672 `MARK ORIGIN=mark` Marks the originating session with the given flag. |
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673 `UNMARK ORIGIN=mark` Removes the given mark from the origin session (if it is set). |
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674 |
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675 **Note:** Marks apply to sessions, not JIDs. E.g. if marking in a rule that matches a stanza received |
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676 over s2s, it is the s2s session that is marked. |
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677 |
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678 It is possible to have multiple marks on an origin at any given time. |
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679 |
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680 ### Informational |
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681 |
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682 Action Description |
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683 --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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684 `LOG=message` Logs the given message to Prosody's log file. Optionally prefix it with a log level in square brackets, e.g. `[debug]` |
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685 |
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686 You can include [expressions](#expressions) in log messages, using `$(...)` syntax. For example, to log the stanza that matched the rule, |
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687 you can use `$(stanza)`, or to log just the top tag of the stanza, use `$(stanza:top_tag())`. To fetch the sender JID, use `$(stanza.attr.from)`. |
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688 |
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689 Example: |
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690 |
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691 # Log all stanzas to user@example.com: |
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692 TO: user@example.com |
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693 LOG=[debug] User received: $(stanza) |
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694 |
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695 More info about expressions can be found below. |
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696 |
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697 Chains |
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698 ------ |
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699 |
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700 Rules are grouped into "chains", which are injected at particular points in Prosody's routing code. |
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701 |
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702 Available built-in chains are: |
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703 |
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704 Chain Description |
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705 -------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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706 deliver Applies to stanzas delivered to local recipients (regardless of the stanza's origin) |
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707 deliver_remote Applies to stanzas delivered to remote recipients (just before they leave the local server) |
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708 preroute Applies to incoming stanzas from local users, before any routing rules are applied |
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709 |
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710 A chain is begun by a line `::name` where 'name' is the name of the chain you want the following rules to be |
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711 inserted into. If no chain is specified, rules are put into the 'deliver' chain. |
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712 |
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713 It is possible to create custom chains (useful with the `JUMP CHAIN` action described below). User-created |
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714 chains must begin with "user/", e.g. "user/spam_filtering". |
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715 |
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716 Example of chain use: |
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717 |
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718 # example.com's firewall script |
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719 |
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720 # This line is optional, because 'deliver' is the default chain anyway: |
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721 ::deliver |
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722 |
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723 # This rule matches any stanzas delivered to our local user bob: |
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724 TO: bob@example.com |
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725 DROP. |
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726 |
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727 # Oops! This rule will never match, because alice is not a local user, |
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728 # and only stanzas to local users go through the 'deliver' chain: |
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729 TO: alice@remote.example.com |
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730 DROP. |
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731 |
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732 # Create a 'preroute' chain of rules (matched for incoming stanzas from local clients): |
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733 ::preroute |
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734 # These rules are matched for outgoing stanzas from local clients |
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735 |
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736 # This will match any stanzas sent to alice from a local user: |
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737 TO: alice@remote.example.com |
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738 DROP. |
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739 |
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740 Action Description |
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741 ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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742 `JUMP CHAIN=name` Switches chains, and passes the stanza through the rules in chain 'name'. If the new chain causes the stanza to be dropped/redirected, the current chain halts further processing. |
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743 `RETURN.` Stops executing the current chain and returns to the parent chain. For built-in chains, equivalent to PASS. RETURN is implicit at the end of every chain. |
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744 |
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745 It is possible to jump to chains defined by other scripts and modules. |
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746 |
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747 Expressions |
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748 ----------- |
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749 |
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750 Some conditions and actions in rules support "expressions" in their parameters (their documentation will indicate if this is the case). Most parameters |
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751 are static once the firewall script is loaded and compiled internally, however parameters that allow expressions can be dynamically calculated when a |
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752 rule is being run. |
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753 |
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754 There are two kinds of expression that you can use: stanza expressions, and code expressions. |
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755 |
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756 ### Stanza expressions |
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757 |
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758 Stanza expressions are of the form `$<...>`, where `...` is a stanza path. For syntax of stanza paths, see the documentation for the 'INSPECT' condition |
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759 above. |
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760 |
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761 Example: |
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762 |
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763 LOG=Matched a stanza from $<@from> to $<@to> |
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764 |
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765 There are built in functions which can be applied to the output of a stanza expression, by appending the pipe ('|') operator, followed by the function |
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766 name. These functions are: |
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767 |
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768 Function Description |
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769 ------------ --------------------------------------- |
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770 bare Given a JID, strip any resource |
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771 node Return the node ('user part') of a JID |
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772 host Return the host ('domain') part of a JID |
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773 resource Return the resource part of a JID |
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774 |
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775 For example, to apply a rate limit to stanzas per sender domain: |
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776 |
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777 LIMIT normal on $<@from|host> |
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778 |
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779 If the path does not match (e.g. the element isn't found, or the attribute doesn't exist) or any of the functions fail to produce an output (e.g. an invalid |
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780 JID was passed to a function that only handles valid JIDs) the expression will return the text `<undefined>`. You can override this by ending the expression |
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781 with a double pipe ('||') followed by a quoted string to use as a default instead. E.g. to default to the string "normal" when there is no 'type' attribute: |
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782 |
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783 LOG=Stanza type is $<@type||"normal"> |
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784 |
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785 ### Code expressions |
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786 |
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787 Code expressions use `$(...)` syntax. Code expressions are powerful, and allow unconstrained access to Prosody's internal environment. Therefore |
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788 code expressions are typically for advanced use-cases only. You may want to refer to Prosody's [developer documentation](https://prosody.im/doc/developers) |
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789 for more information. In particular, within code expressions you may access the 'session' object, which is the session object of the origin of the stanza, |
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790 and the 'stanza' object, which is the stanza being considered within the current rule. Whatever value the expression returns will be converted to a string. |
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791 |
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792 Example to limit stanzas per session type: |
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793 |
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794 LIMIT: normal on $(session.type) |