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mod_firewall: README: Document INSPECT's pattern matching ability
author Matthew Wild <mwild1@gmail.com>
date Thu, 17 Mar 2016 11:39:43 +0000
parents 573fe9825fba
children 4e434abaf8fc
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1 ---
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2 labels:
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 summary: 'A rule-based stanza filtering module'
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5 ...
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6
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7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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8
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9 **Note:** mod\_firewall is in its very early stages. This documentation
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10 is liable to change, and some described functionality may be missing,
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11 incomplete or contain bugs. Feedback is welcome in the comments section
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12 at the bottom of this page.
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14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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15
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16 Introduction
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17 ============
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18
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19 A firewall is an invaluable tool in the sysadmin's toolbox. However
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20 while low-level firewalls such as iptables and pf are incredibly good at
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21 what they do, they are generally not able to handle application-layer
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22 rules.
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23
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24 The goal of mod\_firewall is to provide similar services at the XMPP
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25 layer. Based on rule scripts it can efficiently block, bounce, drop,
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26 forward, copy, redirect stanzas and more! Furthermore all rules can be
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27 applied and updated dynamically at runtime without restarting the
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28 server.
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29
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30 Details
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31 =======
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32
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33 mod\_firewall loads one or more scripts, and compiles these to Lua code
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34 that reacts to stanzas flowing through Prosody. The firewall script
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35 syntax is unusual, but straightforward.
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36
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37 A firewall script is dominated by rules. Each rule has two parts:
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38 conditions, and actions. When a stanza matches all of the conditions,
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39 all of the actions are executed in order.
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40
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41 Here is a simple example to block stanzas from spammer@example.com:
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42
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43 FROM: spammer@example.com
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44 DROP.
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45
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46 FROM is a condition, and DROP is an action. This is about as simple as
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47 it gets. How about heading to the other extreme? Let's demonstrate
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48 something more complex that mod\_firewall can do for you:
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49
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50 %ZONE myorganisation: staff.myorg.example, support.myorg.example
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51
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52 ENTERING: myorganisation
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53 KIND: message
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54 TIME: 12am-9am, 5pm-12am, Saturday, Sunday
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55 REPLY=Sorry, I am afraid our office is closed at the moment. If you need assistance, please call our 24-hour support line on 123-456-789.
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56
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57 This rule will reply with a short message whenever someone tries to send
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58 a message to someone at any of the hosts defined in the 'myorganisation'
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59 outside of office hours.
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60
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61 Firewall rules should be written to a `ruleset.pfw` file. Multiple such
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62 rule files can be specified in the configuration using:
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63
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64 firewall_scripts = { "path/to/ruleset.pfw" }
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65
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66 Conditions
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67 ----------
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68
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69 All conditions must come before any action in a rule block. The
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70 condition name is followed by a colon (':'), and the value to test for.
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71
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72 A condition can be preceded or followed by `NOT` to negate its match.
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73 For example:
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74
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75 NOT FROM: user@example.com
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76 KIND NOT: message
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77
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78 ### Zones
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79
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80 A 'zone' is one or more hosts or JIDs. It is possible to match when a
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81 stanza is entering or leaving a zone, while at the same time not
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82 matching traffic passing between JIDs in the same zone.
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83
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84 Zones are defined at the top of a script with the following syntax (they
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85 are not part of a rule block):
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86
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87 %ZONE myzone: host1, host2, user@host3, foo.bar.example
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88
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89 A host listed in a zone also matches all users on that host (but not
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90 subdomains).
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91
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92 The following zone-matching conditions are supported:
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93
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94 Condition Matches
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95 ------------ ------------------------------------------
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96 `ENTERING` When a stanza is entering the named zone
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97 `LEAVING` When a stanza is leaving the named zone
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98
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99 ### Stanza matching
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100
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101 Condition Matches
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102 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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103 `KIND` The kind of stanza. May be 'message', 'presence' or 'iq'
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104 `TYPE` The type of stanza. This varies depending on the kind of stanza. See 'Stanza types' below for more information.
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105 `PAYLOAD` The stanza contains a child with the given namespace. Useful for determining the type of an iq request, or whether a message contains a certain extension.
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106 `INSPECT` The node at the specified path exists or matches a given string. This allows you to look anywhere inside a stanza. See below for examples and more.
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107
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108 #### Stanza types
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109
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110 Stanza Valid types
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111 ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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112 iq get, set, result, error
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113 presence *available*, unavailable, probe, subscribe, subscribed, unsubscribe, unsubscribed, error
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114 message normal, chat, groupchat, headline, error
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115
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116 **Note:** The type 'available' for presence does not actually appear in
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117 the protocol. Available presence is signalled by the omission of a type.
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118 Similarly, a message stanza with no type is equivalent to one of type
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119 'normal'. mod\_firewall handles these cases for you automatically.
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120
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121 #### INSPECT
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122
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123 INSPECT takes a 'path' through the stanza to get a string (an attribute
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124 value or text content). An example is the best way to explain. Let's
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125 check that a user is not trying to register an account with the username
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126 'admin'. This stanza comes from [XEP-0077: In-band
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127 Registration](http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0077.html#example-4):
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128
2002
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129 ``` xml
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130 <iq type='set' id='reg2'>
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131 <query xmlns='jabber:iq:register'>
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132 <username>bill</username>
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133 <password>Calliope</password>
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134 <email>bard@shakespeare.lit</email>
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135 </query>
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136 </iq>
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137 ```
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138
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139 KIND: iq
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140 TYPE: set
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141 PAYLOAD: jabber:iq:register
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142 INSPECT: {jabber:iq:register}query/username#=admin
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143 BOUNCE=not-allowed The username 'admin' is reserved.
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144
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145 That weird string deserves some explanation. It is a path, divided into
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146 segments by '/'. Each segment describes an element by its name,
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147 optionally prefixed by its namespace in curly braces ('{...}'). If the
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148 path ends with a '\#' then the text content of the last element will be
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149 returned. If the path ends with '@name' then the value of the attribute
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150 'name' will be returned.
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151
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152 You can use INSPECT to test for the existence of an element or attribute,
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153 or you can see if it is equal to a string by appending `=STRING` (as in the
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154 example above). Finally,you can also test whether it matches a given Lua
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155 pattern by using `~=PATTERN`.
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156
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157 INSPECT is somewhat slower than the other stanza matching conditions. To
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158 minimise performance impact, always place it below other faster
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159 condition checks where possible (e.g. above we first checked KIND, TYPE
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160 and PAYLOAD matched before INSPECT).
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161
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162 ### Sender/recipient matching
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163
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164 Condition Matches
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165 ----------- -------------------------------------------------------
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166 `FROM` The JID in the 'from' attribute matches the given JID
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167 `TO` The JID in the 'to' attribute matches the given JID
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168
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169 These conditions both accept wildcards in the JID when the wildcard
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170 expression is enclosed in angle brackets ('\<...\>'). For example:
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171
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172 # All users at example.com
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173 FROM: <*>@example.com
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174
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175 # The user 'admin' on any subdomain of example.com
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176 FROM: admin@<*.example.com>
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177
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178 You can also use [Lua's pattern
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179 matching](http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1) for more
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180 powerful matching abilities. Patterns are a lightweight
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181 regular-expression alternative. Simply contain the pattern in double
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182 angle brackets. The pattern is automatically anchored at the start and
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183 end (so it must match the entire portion of the JID).
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184
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185 # Match admin@example.com, and admin1@example.com, etc.
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186 FROM: <<admin%d*>>@example.com
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187
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188 **Note:** It is important to know that 'example.com' is a valid JID on
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189 its own, and does **not** match 'user@example.com'. To perform domain
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190 whitelists or blacklists, use Zones.
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191
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192 Condition Matches
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193 ---------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
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194 `FROM_EXACTLY` The JID in the 'from' attribute exactly matches the given JID
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195 `TO_EXACTLY` The JID in the 'to' attribute exactly matches the given JID
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196
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197 These additional conditions do not support pattern matching, but are
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198 useful to match the exact to/from address on a stanza. For example, if
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199 no resource is specified then only bare JIDs will be matched. TO and FROM
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200 match all resources if no resource is specified to match.
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201
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202 **Note:** Some chains execute before Prosody has performed any
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203 normalisation or validity checks on the to/from JIDs on an incoming
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204 stanza. It is not advisable to perform access control or similar rules
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205 on JIDs in these chains (see the chain documentation for more info).
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206
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207 ### Time and date
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208
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209 #### TIME
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210
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211 Matches stanzas sent during certain time periods.
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212
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213 Condition Matches
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214 ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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215 TIME When the current server local time is within one of the comma-separated time ranges given
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216
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217 TIME: 10pm-6am, 14:00-15:00
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218 REPLY=Zzzz.
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219
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220 #### DAY
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221
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222 It is also possible to match only on certain days of the week.
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223
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224 Condition Matches
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225 ----------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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226 DAY When the current day matches one, or falls within a rage, in the given comma-separated list of days
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227
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228 Example:
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229
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230 DAY: Sat-Sun, Wednesday
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231 REPLY=Sorry, I'm out enjoying life!
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232
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233 All times and dates are handled in the server's local time.
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234
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235 ### Rate-limiting
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236
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237 It is possible to selectively rate-limit stanzas, and use rules to
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238 decide what to do with stanzas when over the limit.
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239
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240 First, you must define any rate limits that you are going to use in your
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241 script. Here we create a limiter called 'normal' that will allow 2
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242 stanzas per second, and then we define a rule to bounce messages when
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243 over this limit. Note that the `RATE` definition is not part of a rule
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244 (multiple rules can share the same limiter).
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245
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246 %RATE normal: 2 (burst 3)
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247
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248 KIND: message
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249 LIMIT: normal
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250 BOUNCE=policy-violation (Sending too fast!)
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251
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252 The 'burst' parameter on the rate limit allows you to spread the limit
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253 check over a given time period. For example the definition shown above
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254 will allow the limit to be temporarily surpassed, as long as it is
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255 within the limit after 3 seconds. You will almost always want to specify
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256 a burst factor.
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257
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258 Both the rate and the burst can be fractional values. For example a rate
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259 of 0.1 means only one event is allowed every 10 seconds.
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260
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261 The LIMIT condition actually does two things; first it counts against
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262 the given limiter, and then it checks to see if the limiter over its
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263 limit yet. If it is, the condition matches, otherwise it will not.
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264
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265 Condition Matches
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266 ----------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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267 `LIMIT` When the named limit is 'used up'. Using this condition automatically counts against that limit.
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268
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269 **Note:** Reloading mod\_firewall resets the current state of any
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270 limiters.
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271
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272 ### Session marking
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273
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274 It is possible to 'mark' sessions (see the MARK_ORIGIN action below). To match stanzas from marked sessions, use the
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275 `ORIGIN_MARKED` condition.
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276
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277 Condition Description
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278 ------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
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279 ORIGIN_MARKED: markname Matches if the origin has been marked with 'markname'.
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280 ORIGIN_MARKED: markname (Xs) Matches if the origin has been marked with 'markname' within the past X seconds.
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281
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282 Example usage:
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283
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284 # This rule drops messages from sessions that have been marked as spammers in the past hour
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285 ORIGIN_MARKED: spammer (3600s)
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286 DROP.
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287
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288 # This rule marks the origin session as a spammer if they send a message to a honeypot JID
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289 KIND: message
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290 TO: honeypot@example.com
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291 MARK_ORIGIN=spammer
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292
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293 Actions
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294 -------
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295
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296 Actions come after all conditions in a rule block. There must be at
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297 least one action, though conditions are optional.
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298
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299 An action without parameters ends with a full-stop/period ('.'), and one
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300 with parameters uses an equals sign ('='):
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301
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302 # An action with no parameters:
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303 DROP.
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304
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305 # An action with a parameter:
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306 REPLY=Hello, this is a reply.
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307
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308 ### Route modification
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309
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310 The most common actions modify the stanza's route in some way. Currently
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311 the first matching rule to do so will halt further processing of actions
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312 and rules (this may change in the future).
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313
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314 Action Description
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315 ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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316 `PASS.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and let it through this chain.
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317 `DROP.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and discard it.
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318 `REDIRECT=jid` Redirect the stanza to the given JID.
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319 `REPLY=text` Reply to the stanza (assumed to be a message) with the given text.
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320 `BOUNCE.` Bounce the stanza with the default error (usually service-unavailable)
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321 `BOUNCE=error` Bounce the stanza with the given error (MUST be a defined XMPP stanza error, see [RFC6120](http://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6120.html#stanzas-error-conditions).
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322 `BOUNCE=error (text)` As above, but include the supplied human-readable text with a description of the error
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323 `COPY=jid` Make a copy of the stanza and send the copy to the specified JID. The copied stanza flows through Prosody's routing code, and as such is affected by firewall rules. Be careful to avoid loops.
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324
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325 **Note:** It is incorrect behaviour to reply to an 'error' stanza with another error, so BOUNCE will simply act the same as 'DROP' for stanzas that should not be bounced (error stanzas and iq results).
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326
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327 ### Stanza modification
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328
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329 These actions make it possible to modify the content and structure of a
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330 stanza.
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331
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332 Action Description
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333 ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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334 `STRIP=name` Remove any child elements with the given name in the default namespace
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335 `STRIP=name namespace` Remove any child elements with the given name and the given namespace
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336 `INJECT=xml` Inject the given XML into the stanza as a child element
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337
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338 ### Sessions
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339
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340 It is possible to mark sessions, and then use these marks to match rules later on.
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341
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342 Action Description
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343 ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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344 `MARK_ORIGIN=mark` Marks the originating session with the given flag.
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345 `UNMARK_ORIGIN=mark` Removes the given mark from the origin session (if it is set).
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346
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347 ### Informational
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348
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349 Action Description
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350 --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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351 `LOG=message` Logs the given message to Prosody's log file. Optionally prefix it with a log level in square brackets, e.g. `[debug]`
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352
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353 You can include expressions in log messages, using `$(...)` syntax. For example, to log the stanza that matched the rule, you can use $(stanza),
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354 or to log just the top tag of the stanza, use $(stanza:top_tag()).
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355
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356 Example:
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357
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358 # Log all stanzas to user@example.com:
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359 TO: user@example.com
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360 LOG=[debug] User received: $(stanza)
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361
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362 Chains
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363 ------
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364
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365 Rules are grouped into "chains", which are injected at particular points in Prosody's routing code.
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366
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367 Available chains are:
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368
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369 Chain Description
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370 -------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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371 deliver Applies to stanzas delivered to local recipients (regardless of the stanza's origin)
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372 deliver_remote Applies to stanzas delivered to remote recipients (just before they leave the local server)
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373 preroute Applies to incoming stanzas from local users, before any routing rules are applied
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374
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375 By default, if no chain is specified, rules are put into the 'deliver' chain. It is possible to create custom
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376 chains (useful with the JUMP_CHAIN action described below). User-created chains must begin with "user/", e.g.
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377 "user/spam_filtering".
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378
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379 Example of chain use:
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380
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381 # example.com's firewall script
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382
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383 # This line is optional, because 'deliver' is the default chain anyway:
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384 ::deliver
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385
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386 # This rule matches any stanzas delivered to our local user bob:
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387 TO: bob@example.com
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388 DROP.
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389
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390 # Oops! This rule will never match, because alice is not a local user,
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391 # and only stanzas to local users go through the 'deliver' chain:
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392 TO: alice@remote.example.com
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393 DROP.
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394
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395 # Create a 'preroute' chain of rules (matched for incoming stanzas from local clients):
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396 ::preroute
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397 # These rules are matched for outgoing stanzas from local clients
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398
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399 # This will match any stanzas sent to alice from a local user:
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400 TO: alice@remote.example.com
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401 DROP.
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402
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403 Action Description
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404 ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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405 `JUMP_CHAIN=name` Switches chains, and passes the stanza through the rules in chain 'name'. If the new chain causes the stanza to be dropped/redirected, the current chain halts further processing.