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annotate mod_rest/README.markdown @ 4518:073f5397c1d2

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mod_rest: Replace most mappings by using util.datamapper All the stuff now goes into a JSON file that describes the mappings.
author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Sun, 21 Mar 2021 23:54:06 +0100
parents 508cb880b163
children dc35d2932d3e
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1 ---
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2 labels:
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 summary: RESTful XMPP API
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5 rockspec:
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6 build:
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7 modules:
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8 mod_rest.jsonmap: jsonmap.lib.lua
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9 copy_directories:
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10 - example
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11 - res
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12 ---
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13
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14 # Introduction
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15
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16 This is yet another RESTful API for sending and receiving stanzas via
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17 Prosody. It can be used to build bots and components implemented as HTTP
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18 services.
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19
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20 # Usage
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21
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22 ## On VirtualHosts
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23
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24 ```lua
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25 VirtualHost "example.com"
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26 modules_enabled = {"rest"}
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27 ```
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28
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29 ## As a Component
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30
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31 ``` {.lua}
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32 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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33 component_secret = "dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K"
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34 modules_enabled = {"http_oauth2"}
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35 ```
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36
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37 ## OAuth2
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38
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39 [mod_http_oauth2] can be used to grant bearer tokens which are
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40 accepted by mod_rest.
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41
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42 ## Sending stanzas
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43
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44 The API endpoint becomes available at the path `/rest`, so the full URL
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45 will be something like `https://your-prosody.example:5281/rest`.
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46
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47 To try it, simply `curl` an XML stanza payload:
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48
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49 ``` {.sh}
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50 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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51 --user username \
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52 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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53 --data-binary '<message type="chat" to="user@example.org">
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54 <body>Hello!</body>
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55 </body>'
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56 ```
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57
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58 or a JSON payload:
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59
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60 ``` {.sh}
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61 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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62 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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63 -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
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64 --data-binary '{
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65 "body" : "Hello!",
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66 "kind" : "message",
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67 "to" : "user@example.org",
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68 "type" : "chat"
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69 }'
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70 ```
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71
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72 The `Content-Type` header is important!
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73
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74 ### Parameters in path
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75
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76 New alternative format with the parameters `kind`, `type`, and `to`
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77 embedded in the path:
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78
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79 ```
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80 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest/message/chat/john@example.com \
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81 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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82 -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
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83 --data-binary 'Hello John!'
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84 ```
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85
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86 ### Replies
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87
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88 A POST containing an `<iq>` stanza automatically wait for the reply,
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89 long-polling style.
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90
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91 ``` {.sh}
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92 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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93 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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94 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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95 --data-binary '<iq type="get" to="example.net">
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96 <ping xmlns="urn:xmpp:ping"/>
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97 </iq>'
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98 ```
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99
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100 Replies to other kinds of stanzas that are generated by the same Prosody
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101 instance *MAY* be returned in the HTTP response. Replies from other
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102 entities (connected clients or remote servers) will not be returned, but
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103 can be forwarded via the callback API described in the next section.
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104
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105 ### Simple info queries
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106
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107 A subset of IQ stanzas can be sent as simple GET requests
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108
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109 ```
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110 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest/version/example.com \
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111 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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112 -H 'Accept: application/json'
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113 ```
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114
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115 The supported queries are
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116
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117 - `disco`
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118 - `items`
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119 - `version`
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120 - `ping`
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121
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122 ## Receiving stanzas
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123
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124 TL;DR: Set this webhook callback URL, get XML `POST`-ed there.
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125
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126 ``` {.lua}
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127 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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128 rest_callback_url = "http://my-api.example:9999/stanzas"
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129 ```
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130
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131 To enable JSON payloads set
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132
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133 ``` {.lua}
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134 rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"
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135 ```
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136
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137 Example callback looks like:
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138
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139 ``` {.xml}
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140 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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141 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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142 Content-Length: 102
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143
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144 <message to="bot@rest.example.net" from="user@example.com" type="chat">
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145 <body>Hello</body>
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146 </message>
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147 ```
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148
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149 or as JSON:
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150
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151 ``` {.json}
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152 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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153 Content-Type: application/json
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154 Content-Length: 133
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155
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156 {
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157 "body" : "Hello",
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158 "from" : "user@example.com",
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159 "kind" : "message",
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160 "to" : "bot@rest.example.net",
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161 "type" : "chat"
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162 }
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163 ```
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164
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165 ### Replying
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166
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167 To accept the stanza without returning a reply, respond with HTTP status
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168 code `202` or `204`.
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169
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170 HTTP status codes in the `4xx` and `5xx` range are mapped to an
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171 appropriate stanza error.
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172
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173 For full control over the response, set the `Content-Type` header to
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174 `application/xmpp+xml` and return an XMPP stanza as an XML snippet.
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175
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176 ``` {.xml}
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177 HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
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178 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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179
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180 <message type="chat">
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181 <body>Yes, this is bot</body>
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182 </message>
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183 ```
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184
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185 ## Payload format
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186
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187 ### JSON
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188
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189 ``` {.json}
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190 {
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191 "body" : "Hello!",
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192 "kind" : "message",
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193 "type" : "chat"
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194 }
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195 ```
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196
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197 Further JSON object keys as follows:
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198
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199 #### Messages
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200
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201 `kind`
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202 : `"message"`
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203
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204 `type`
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205 : Commonly `"chat"` for 1-to-1 messages and `"groupchat"` for group
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206 chat messages. Others include `"normal"`, `"headline"` and
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207 `"error"`.
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208
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209 `body`
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210 : Human-readable message text.
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211
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212 `subject`
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213 : Message subject or MUC topic.
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214
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215 `html`
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216 : HTML.
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217
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218 `oob_url`
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219 : URL of an out-of-band resource, often used for images.
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220
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221 #### Presence
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222
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223 `kind`
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224 : `"presence"`
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225
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226 `type`
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227 : Empty for online or `"unavailable"` for offline.
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228
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229 `show`
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230 : [Online
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231 status](https://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6121.html#presence-syntax-children-show),
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232 `away`, `dnd` etc.
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233
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234 `status`
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235 : Human-readable status message.
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236
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237 `join`
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238 : Boolean. Join a group chat.
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239
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240 #### Info-Queries
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241
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242 Only one type of payload can be included in an `iq`.
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243
3827
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244 `kind`
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245 : `"iq"`
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246
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247 `type`
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248 : `"get"` or `"set"` for queries, `"response"` or `"error"` for
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249 replies.
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250
3826
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251 `ping`
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252 : Send a ping. Get a pong. Maybe.
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253
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254 `disco`
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255 : Retrieve service discovery information about an entity.
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256
3828
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257 `items`
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258 : Discover list of items (other services, groupchats etc).
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259
3813
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260 ### XML
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261
3800
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262 ``` {.xml}
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263 <message type="" id="" to="" from="" xml:lang="">
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264 ...
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265 </message>
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266 ```
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267
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268 An XML declaration (`<?xml?>`) **MUST NOT** be included.
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269
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270 The payload MUST contain one (1) `message`, `presence` or `iq` stanza.
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271
3801
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272 The stanzas MUST NOT have an `xmlns` attribute, and the default/empty
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273 namespace is treated as `jabber:client`.
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274
3808
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275 # Examples
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276
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277 ## Python / Flask
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278
3820
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279 Simple echo bot that responds to messages as XML:
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280
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281 ``` {.python}
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282 from flask import Flask, Response, request
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283 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
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284
3809
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285 app = Flask("echobot")
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286
3808
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287
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288 @app.before_request
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289 def parse():
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290 request.stanza = ET.fromstring(request.data)
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291
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292
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293 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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294 def hello():
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295 if request.stanza.tag == "message":
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296 return Response(
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297 "<message><body>Yes this is bot</body></message>",
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298 content_type="application/xmpp+xml",
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299 )
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300
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301 return Response(status=501)
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302
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303
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304 if __name__ == "__main__":
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305 app.run()
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306 ```
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307
3820
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308 And a JSON variant:
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309
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310 ``` {.python}
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311 from flask import Flask, Response, request, jsonify
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312
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313 app = Flask("echobot")
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314
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315
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316 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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317 def hello():
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318 print(request.data)
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319 if request.is_json:
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320 data = request.get_json()
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321 if data["kind"] == "message":
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322 return jsonify({"body": "hello"})
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323
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324 return Response(status=501)
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325
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326
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327 if __name__ == "__main__":
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328 app.run()
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329 ```
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330
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331 Remember to set `rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"` for
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332 this to work.
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333
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334 # JSON mapping
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335
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336 This section describes the JSON mapping. It can't represent any possible
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337 stanza, for full flexibility use the XML mode.
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338
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339 ## Stanza basics
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340
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341 `kind`
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342 : String representing the kind of stanza, one of `"message"`,
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343 `"presence"` or `"iq"`.
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344
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345 `type`
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346 : String with the type of stanza, appropriate values vary depending on
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347 `kind`, see [RFC 6121]. E.g.`"chat"` for *message* stanzas etc.
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348
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349 `to`
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350 : String containing the XMPP Address of the destination / recipient of
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351 the stanza.
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352
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353 `from`
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354 : String containing the XMPP Address of the sender the stanza.
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355
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356 `id`
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357 : String with a reasonably unique identifier for the stanza.
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358
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359 ## Basic Payloads
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360
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361 ### Messages
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362
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363 `body`
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364 : String, human readable text message.
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365
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366 `subject`
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367 : String, human readable summary equivalent to an email subject or the
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368 chat room topic in a `type:groupchat` message.
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369
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370 ### Presence
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371
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372 `show`
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373 : String representing availability, e.g. `"away"`, `"dnd"`. No value
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374 means a normal online status. See [RFC 6121] for the full list.
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375
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376 `status`
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377 : String with a human readable text message describing availability.
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378
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379 ## More payloads
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380
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381 ### Messages
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382
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383 `state`
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384 : String with current chat state, e.g. `"active"` (default) and
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385 `"composing"` (typing).
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386
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387 `html`
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388 : String with HTML allowing rich formatting. **MUST** be contained in a
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389 `<body>` element.
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390
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391 `oob_url`
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392 : String with an URL of an external resource.
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393
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394 ### Presence
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395
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396 `join`
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397 : Boolean, used to join group chats.
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398
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399 ### IQ
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400
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401 `ping`
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402 : Boolean, a simple ping query. "Pongs" have only basic fields
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403 presents.
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404
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405 `version`
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406 : Map with `name`, `version` fields, and optionally an `os` field, to
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407 describe the software.
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408
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409 #### Service Discovery
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410
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411 `disco`
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412
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413 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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414 query.
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415
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416 Responses have a map containing an array of available features in
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417 the `features` key and an array of "identities" in the `identities`
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418 key. Each identity has a `category` and `type` field as well as an
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419 optional `name` field. See [XEP-0030] for further details.
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420
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421 `items`
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422 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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423 items list query. The response contain an array of items like
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424 `{"jid":"xmpp.address.here","name":"Description of item"}`.
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425
3953
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426 `extensions`
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427 : Map of extended feature discovery (see [XEP-0128]) data with
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428 `FORM_DATA` fields as the keys pointing at maps with the rest of the
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429 data.
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430
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431 #### Ad-Hoc Commands
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432
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433 Used to execute arbitrary commands on supporting entities.
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434
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435 `command`
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436
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437 : String representing the command `node` or Map with the following
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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438 possible fields:
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439
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440 `node`
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441 : Required string with node from disco\#items query for the
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442 command to execute.
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443
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444 `action`
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445 : Optional enum string defaulting to `"execute"`. Multi-step
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446 commands may involve `"next"`, `"prev"`, `"complete"` or
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447 `"cancel"`.
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448
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449 `actions`
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450 : Set (map of strings to `true`) with available actions to proceed
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451 with in multi-step commands.
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452
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453 `status`
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454 : String describing the status of the command, normally
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455 `"executing"`.
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456
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457 `sessionid`
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458 : Random session ID issued by the responder to identify the
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459 session in multi-step commands.
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460
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461 `note`
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462 : Map with `"type"` and `"text"` fields that carry simple result
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463 information.
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464
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465 `form`
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466 : Data form with description of expected input and data types in
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467 the next step of multi-step commands. **TODO** document format.
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468
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469 `data`
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470 : Map with only the data for result dataforms. Fields may be
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471 strings or arrays of strings.
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472
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473 ##### Example
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474
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475 Discovering commands:
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476
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477 ``` {.json}
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478 {
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479 "items" : {
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480 "node" : "http://jabber.org/protocol/commands"
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481 },
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482 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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483 "kind" : "iq",
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484 "to" : "example.com",
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485 "type" : "get"
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486 }
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487 ```
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488
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489 Response:
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490
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491 ``` {.json}
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492 {
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493 "from" : "example.com",
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494 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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495 "items" : [
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496 {
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497 "jid" : "example.com",
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498 "name" : "Get uptime",
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499 "node" : "uptime"
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500 }
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501 ],
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502 "kind" : "iq",
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503 "type" : "result"
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504 }
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505 ```
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506
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507 Execute the command:
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508
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509 ``` {.json}
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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510 {
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511 "command" : {
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512 "node" : "uptime"
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513 },
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514 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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515 "kind" : "iq",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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516 "to" : "example.com",
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517 "type" : "set"
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518 }
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519 ```
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520
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521 Executed:
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522
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523 ``` {.json}
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524 {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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525 "command" : {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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526 "node" : "uptime",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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527 "note" : {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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528 "text" : "This server has been running for 0 days, 20 hours and 54 minutes (since Fri Feb 7 18:05:30 2020)",
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529 "type" : "info"
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530 },
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531 "sessionid" : "6380880a-93e9-4f13-8ee2-171927a40e67",
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532 "status" : "completed"
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533 },
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534 "from" : "example.com",
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535 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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536 "kind" : "iq",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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537 "type" : "result"
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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538 }
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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539 ```
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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540
4275
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541 # TODO
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542
bb111148d031 mod_rest: Expand TODO
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543 - Describe multi-step commands with dataforms.
bb111148d031 mod_rest: Expand TODO
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544 - Versioned API, i.e. /v1/stanzas
bb111148d031 mod_rest: Expand TODO
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545 - Bind resource to webhook/callback
3890
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546
3794
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547 # Compatibility
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548
4b258329e6e4 mod_rest: Initial commit of another RESTful API module
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549 Requires Prosody trunk / 0.12